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2025 Geophysical Research Letters Article

Report generated on 04/06/2026 12:31:30

cdaweb was referenced in 34 papers
spdf was referenced in 33 papers
space physics data facility was referenced in 25 papers
omni was referenced in 35 papers
omni2 was referenced in 1 papers
omni-2 was referenced in 1 papers
omniweb was referenced in 40 papers
ftpbrowser was referenced in 0 papers
helioweb was referenced in 0 papers
atmoweb was referenced in 0 papers
modelweb was referenced in 0 papers
sscweb was referenced in 1 papers
cohoweb was referenced in 0 papers
gifwalk was referenced in 0 papers
gif_walk was referenced in 0 papers
tipsod was referenced in 1 papers
hdp was referenced in 0 papers
heliophysics data portal was referenced in 0 papers
vitmo was referenced in 1 papers
hdrl was referenced in 0 papers
heliophysics digital resource library was referenced in 0 papers
heliocloud was referenced in 0 papers

92 of 1921 possible papers ( 5% ) contained references to SPDF keywords

Authors=Rout, Diptiranjan; Kumar, A.; Singh, R.; Patra, S.; Karan, D. K.; Chakraborty, S.; Scipion, D.; Chakrabarty, D.; Riccobono, Juanita;
Title=Evidence of Unusually Strong Equatorial Ionization Anomaly at Three Local Time Sectors During the Mother’s Day Geomagnetic Storm On 10-11 May 2024, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024GL111269, ID:32641251.
Keywords: cdaweb, omniweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =r wind parameters, SYM-H and AL/AU indices are obtained from the OmniWeb service https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ . SWARM Satellite data can be downloaded from https://swarm-diss.eo.esa.int/#swa
Sample usage ( BODY ) =lability Statement The solar wind parameters, SYM-H and AL/AU indices are obtained from the OmniWeb service https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ . SWARM Satellite data can be downloaded from https:/

Authors=Aggarwal, Deepali; Oberheide, Jens; Pedatella, Nicholas; Martinez, Benjamin C.;
Title=The Semidiurnal Tidal Response of the Low Latitude Ionosphere to Northern Hemisphere Polar Vortex Strength (2020-2023) From COSMIC-2 Global Ionospheric Specification, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024GL111313, ID:32641261.
Keywords: omniweb Sample usage ( BODY ) =https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/en/kp-index/ (Gfz, 2023), the F10.7 cm radio flux from NASA/GSFC OMNIWeb at https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/dx1.html (Omniweb, 2023). n/kp-index/ (Gfz, 2023), the F10.7 cm radio flux from NASA/GSFC OMNIWeb at https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/dx1.html (Omniweb, 2023). ux from NASA/GSFC OMNIWeb at https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/dx1.html (Omniweb, 2023).

Authors=Neogi, Mukta; Oberheide, Jens;
Title=A Quantitative Assessment of Vertical Wave Energy Flux and Global Wave Power Due To Upward Propagating Tides Based on TIMED Observations, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024GL113527, ID:32641276.
Keywords: cdaweb, spdf
Sample usage ( BODY ) =ctor winds (~80-110 km, 2002 - present) are readily accessible through https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/timed/tidi/ . HMEs for tides are available from Forbes and Zhang ( 2022b).
Sample usage ( BODY ) =perature vertical profiles (~20-110 km, 2002-present) are readily accessible through https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/timed/saber . Vertical profiles of TIMED/TIDI vector winds (~80-110 k

Authors=Liu, Xiao; Xu, Jiyao; Yue, Jia; Wang, Wenbin; Moro, Juliano;
Title=Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Temperature Responses to the May 2024 Mother’s Day Storm, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024GL112179, ID:32641347.
Keywords: spdf, space physics data facility
Sample usage ( BODY ) =0.5 K at 90-110 km with a vertical resolution of 2 km as summarized at https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/timed/saber/ (Dawkins et al., 2018; Remsberg et al., 2008). cessed from Space Physics Data Facility, Goddard Space Flight Center ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/timed/saber/ , Mlynczak et al. ( 2023)).
Sample usage ( BODY ) =Data Availability Statement All SABER data can be accessed from Space Physics Data Facility, Goddard Space Flight Center ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/timed/saber/ , Mlynczak et al.

Authors=Yan, Li; Liu, Wenlong; Zhang, Dianjun; Sarris, Theodore E.; Li, Xinlin; Tong, Xin;
Title=Statistical Study of Electric Pc5 Pulsations in the Inner Magnetosphere Observed by Cluster, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024GL112358, ID:32641364.
Keywords: cdaweb, omniweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =r-C1 magnetic and electric fields data from FGM and EFW are obtained at https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/cluster/ . Geomagnetic indices are available at OmniWeb ( https://omniweb.gsfc.n
Sample usage ( BODY ) =Geomagnetic indices are available at OmniWeb ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ). Geomagnetic indices are available at OmniWeb ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ).

Authors=Ding, Xiangling; He, Zhaoguo; Wu, Zhiyong; Yu, Jiang; Li, Kun; Ye, Yuguang; Zong, Qiugang;
Title=Radial and Latitudinal Distributions of the Exohiss Under the Effect of Landau Damping, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024GL112567, ID:32641390.
Keywords: spdf
Sample usage ( BODY ) =Data Availability Statement Van Allen Probes (RBSP) data are available at https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp/ . THEMIS data are available at http://themis.ssl.berkeley.edu/index.shtml .

Authors=Reznychenko, M. O.; Kotov, D. V.; Richards, P. G.; Bogomaz, O. V.; Reznychenko, A. I.; Goncharenko, L. P.; Zhivolup, T. G.; Domnin, I. F.;
Title=The Thermosphere Was Poorly Predictable Not Only During but Also Before and After the Starlink Storm on 3-4 February 2022, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024GL112620, ID:32641407.
Keywords: omni, omniweb, vitmo
Sample usage ( BODY ) =ar wind parameters and SYM/H index are from the OMNIWeb ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/omni_min.html ). The MCP and L-shell were determined using the International Geomagnetic Referenc
Sample usage ( BODY ) =The solar wind parameters and SYM/H index are from the OMNIWeb ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/omni_min.html ). The MCP and L-shell were determined using the International Geoma The solar wind parameters and SYM/H index are from the OMNIWeb ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/omni_min.html ). The MCP and L-shell were determined using the International Geoma re determined using the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) model at ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/vitmo/cgm.html ). The IonogramViewer2 program version 1.6.3 is freely availab
Sample usage ( BODY ) =he International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) model at ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/vitmo/cgm.html ). The IonogramViewer2 program version 1.6.3 is freely available at the repository

Authors=Aryal, Saurav; Evans, J. Scott; Lumpe, Jerry D.; Laskar, Fazlul I.; Gan, Quan; Wang, Wenbin; Eastes, Richard W.;
Title=GOLD Observations of Thermospheric Neutral Temperature Variability During the 14 October 2023 Annular Solar Eclipse, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024GL110676, ID:32641447.
Keywords: spdf, space physics data facility
Sample usage ( BODY ) =GOLD website, https://gold.cs.ucf.edu/data/search/ , and NASA’s Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF), https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/gold/ . edu/data/search/ , and NASA’s Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF), https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/gold/ .
Sample usage ( BODY ) =e obtained at the GOLD website, https://gold.cs.ucf.edu/data/search/ , and NASA’s Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF), https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/gold/ .

Authors=Gurram, Harsha; Shuster, Jason R.; Chen, Li-Jen; Hasegawa, Hiroshi; Denton, Richard E.; Burkholder, Brandon L.; Beedle, Jason; Gershman, Daniel J.; Burch, James;
Title=Earth’s Alfven Wings: Unveiling Dynamic Variations of Field-Line Topologies With Electron Distributions, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024GL111931, ID:33015112.
Keywords: omni
Sample usage ( BODY ) = while the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) has a strong B y ${B}_{y}$ component. The ion omni-directional energy flux shows a narrow beam of 1 keV proton and alpha particles (L. In this interval the magnetic field components are MC-like however the Omni ion energy flux shows no MC-like ion population and the electron density drops to 0.25 cm - 3 ${ text{cm}}^{-3}$ —

Authors=Salinas, Cornelius Csar Jude H.; Wu, Dong L.; Qian, Liying;
Title=Quantifying Geomagnetic Activity’s Contribution to the Global E-Region Electron Density’s Day-To-Day Variability Using Spire Radio Occultation Observations, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024GL112874, ID:33015124.
Keywords: omniweb Sample usage ( BODY ) =Both Kp index and Lyman- a $ alpha $ are taken from https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ . Taking the square of the correlation coefficient gives the coefficient of determination which quantifies The Kp index is available through https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ . As a component of the Community Earth System Model, WACCM-X source code is publicly available at http://www.cesm.ucar.edu . The Kp index is available through https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ .

Authors=Killey, S.; Rae, I. J.; Smith, A. W.; Bentley, S. N.; Watt, C. E. J.; Chakraborty, S.; Ozeke, L. G.; Walach, M.-T.; Sandhu, J. K.; Rasinskaite, D.;
Title=Identifying Typical Relativistic Electron Pitch Angle Distributions: Evolution During Geomagnetic Storms, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024GL112900, ID:33015125.
Keywords: cdaweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =ement Level-3 Van Allen Probe REPT data can be accessed from Coordinated Data Analysis Web (CDAWeb, 2024). The geomagnetic storm list is provided by Walach ( 2024).

Authors=Jin, Yuyan; Zhao, Biqiang; Zhou, Xu; Hao, Honglian; Li, Guozhu; Yue, Xinan; Li, Zishen;
Title=Direct Evidence of the Lower Atmosphere Perturbations Producing Abnormal Ionospheric Longitudinal Gradients During Quiescent Geomagnetic Conditions, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024GL113648, ID:33626182.
Keywords: omni
Sample usage ( BODY ) =) The Dst (black lines) and B z (blue lines) of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) from OMNI database as well as the Kp index and the F10.7 index provided by the German Geosciences Cent

Authors=Wu, Zhiyong; Su, Zhenpeng; Zheng, Huinan; Wang, Yuming;
Title=Inner Magnetospheric Oxygen Torus Induced by Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024GL113798, ID:33626186.
Keywords: cdaweb, spdf
Sample usage ( BODY ) =e have analyzed the following data: EMFISIS L2 WFR Cross Spectral Matrix data at https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ; L3 MAG magnetic field data (Kletzing, 2022); L4 HFR density data (Kurth et al.
Sample usage ( BODY ) =Data Availability Statement Van Allen Probes data are available at https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp/ ; SYM-H (World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto et al., 2022) and AE (World Dat

Authors=Jin, Yaqi; Kotova, Daria; Clausen, Lasse B. N.; Miloch, Wojciech J.;
Title=Significant Plasma Density Depletion From High- to Mid-Latitude Ionosphere During the Super Storm in May 2024, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024GL113997, ID:33626191.
Keywords: omni, omniweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =For the upstream solar wind conditions, we use the 1-min resolution solar wind data from the OMNI database (King Papitashvili, 2005). The OMNI interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is in resolution solar wind data from the OMNI database (King Papitashvili, 2005). The OMNI interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is presented in the geocentric solar magnetospheric coor
Sample usage ( BODY ) =The solar wind data (King Papitashvili, 2005) are provided by the NASA OMNIWeb service ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/dx1.html ). data (King Papitashvili, 2005) are provided by the NASA OMNIWeb service ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/dx1.html ).

Authors=Antonova, E. E.; Kirpichev, I.; Stepanova, M.;
Title=Hall Scale in the Earth’s Magnetosphere and Magnetospheric Substorm, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024GL114315, ID:33626197.
Keywords: cdaweb, spdf, space physics data facility, omni, omniweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =THEMIS data are publicly available at http://themis.ssl.berkeley.edu/ and http://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ . We use the solar magnetospheric (SM) coordinate system and select the sheet with thic IMF and geomagnetic indexes were retrieved from the OMNI database: https://cdaweb.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov . Each data set was divided into bins of 0.5 R E ${R}_{E}$ in the radial direction and 10
Sample usage ( BODY ) =om the OMNI database, through the Goddard Space Flight Center/Space Physics Data Facility (GSFC/SPDF) OMNIWeb interface at http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov .
Sample usage ( BODY ) =ata were obtained from the OMNI database, through the Goddard Space Flight Center/Space Physics Data Facility (GSFC/SPDF) OMNIWeb interface at http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov .
Sample usage ( ACK ) =The authors gratefully acknowledge the OMNI database for the IMF and geomagnetic indexes data.
Sample usage ( BODY ) =IMF and geomagnetic indexes were retrieved from the OMNI database: https://cdaweb.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov . The solar wind dynamic pressure and IMF data were obtained from the OMNI database, through the Goddard Space Flight Center/Space Physics Data Facility (GSFC/SPDF) OMNIWeb interface at http:/
Sample usage ( BODY ) =I database, through the Goddard Space Flight Center/Space Physics Data Facility (GSFC/SPDF) OMNIWeb interface at http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov . Flight Center/Space Physics Data Facility (GSFC/SPDF) OMNIWeb interface at http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov .

Authors=Lu, Mingyue; Qin, Zhijie; Zhu, Hui; Zhao, Yingying; Chen, Huicong;
Title=Identification of Locally Generated Plasmaspheric Hiss, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024GL114051, ID:33647938.
Keywords: cdaweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =Data Availability Statement The Van Allen Probe data are available at https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp/ . The NURD data set is available at the GFZ Data Services (Zhelavskaya et al.

Authors=Zhang, Ruilong; Liu, Libo; Yue, Xinan; Zhang, Jiaojiao; Zhang, Ning; Chen, Yiding; Le, Huijun; Li, Wenbo;
Title=The Penetration Electric Fields During the 10 May 2024 Superstorm Observed by ISRs Over Sanya and Jicamarca, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024GL114543, ID:33647984.
Keywords: cdaweb, omni
Sample usage ( BODY ) =The solar wind data are obtained from https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/ . The AE data are obtained from https://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/aeasy/index.html .
Sample usage ( BODY ) =ows the 5-min resolution of the solar wind pressure and velocity, IMF Bz, and SYM-H index in OMNI database, and AE index from World Data Center for Geomagnetism at 14-24 UT on 10 May 2024. The solar wind data are obtained from https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/ . The AE data are obtained from https://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/aeasy/index.html .

Authors=Hartley, D. P.; Chen, L.; Gu, W.; Christopher, I. W.; Santolik, O.;
Title=The Impact of Plasma Density Gradients on Lower Band Chorus Wave Propagation, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024GL113258, ID:33648016.
Keywords: spdf
Sample usage ( BODY ) =ilable and may be obtained from http://emfisis.physics.uiowa.edu/data/index , or from http://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp .

Authors=Chen, Yuxi; Dong, Chuanfei; Chen, Li-Jen; Sarantos, Menelaos; Burkholder, Brandon L.;
Title=Interplanetary Magnetic Field By Controlled Alfven Wings at Earth During an Encounter of a Coronal Mass Ejection, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024GL113416, ID:33648018.
Keywords: cdaweb, omni, omniweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =Data Availability Statement Wind spacecraft data were obtained from the CDAWeb ( https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.html/ ). ty Statement Wind spacecraft data were obtained from the CDAWeb ( https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.html/ ).
Sample usage ( BODY ) =The simulation starts from 16:00 UT on 23 April 2023 and lasts 26 hr with the OMNI solar wind data as upstream conditions, but we focus exclusively on the period when the solar wind is sub-A
Sample usage ( BODY ) =We refer the reader to OMNIWeb for details of the time-shift algorithm. The shock of the ICME arrives at Earth around 18:00 UT on 23 April (vertical red line in the left column of Figure 1),

Authors=Xiong, Yating; Liu, Huixin; Shi, Run; Xing, Zanyang; Lu, Sheng; Zhang, Qiang; Wang, Zhiwei; Han, Desheng;
Title=Generation of Quasi-Periodic Dayside Medium Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (MSTIDs) by Intermittent Lobe Reconnection, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024GL113857, ID:33648025.
Keywords: spdf, space physics data facility, omniweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =om the OMNIWeb service online of NASA/GSFC’s Space Physics Data Facility ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/ ). The ground-based magnetic field measurements are accessible via the IMA
Sample usage ( BODY ) =ly, the OMNI data set is available from the OMNIWeb service online of NASA/GSFC’s Space Physics Data Facility ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/ ).
Sample usage ( BODY ) =Additionally, the OMNI data set is available from the OMNIWeb service online of NASA/GSFC’s Space Physics Data Facility ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/ ).

Authors=Jun, C.-W.; Miyoshi, Y.; Hori, T.; Kitamura, N.; Kim, K.-H.; Lee, J.-H.; Bortnik, J.; Lyons, L.; Shinohara, I.; Matsuoka, A.; Kasahara, Y.; Matsuda, S.; Kasaba, Y.; Teramoto, M.; Yamamoto, K.; Shinbori, A.;
Title=Arase In Situ Observations of High-Frequency Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron (EMIC) Waves in Regions Close to the Earth During the May 2024 Storm, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024GL112489, ID:33829345.
Keywords: spdf, omni, omniweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =netism, Kyoto ( http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/wdc/Sec3.html ) and SME were obtained from the SPDF/Goddard Space Flight Center interface at http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ and SuperMAG database
Sample usage ( BODY ) =For geomagnetic indices, we adopted the SYM-H index from the OMNI database and the SuperMag auroral jet (SME) index from the SuperMag database.
Sample usage ( BODY ) =l ) and SME were obtained from the SPDF/Goddard Space Flight Center interface at http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ and SuperMAG database at https://supermag.jhuapl.edu/ .

Authors=Feng, Bopu; Li, Haimeng; Tang, Rongxin; Zhou, Meng; Ouyang, Zhihai; Yuan, Zhigang; Wang, Dedong; Yu, Xiongdong; Xiong, Ying; Chen, Zhou; Yuan, An; Cheng, Yingqiao;
Title=Energetic Electron Diffusion and Precipitation Driven by Ducted Hiss Waves in High Density Irregular Region, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL115107, ID:33829362.
Keywords: spdf, space physics data facility, omni
Sample usage ( ACK ) =Acknowledgments The authors thank the Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) for providing the Van Allen Probes data ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp/ ), the OMNI data ( h cs Data Facility (SPDF) for providing the Van Allen Probes data ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp/ ), the OMNI data ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/ ), a ta ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp/ ), the OMNI data ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/ ), and the POES data ( https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/satellite/poes/ ).
Sample usage ( BODY ) =en Probes data used for this study are publicly available at the websites: https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp/ , and the OMNI data are publicly available at the websites https://spd data/rbsp/ , and the OMNI data are publicly available at the websites https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/ .
Sample usage ( ACK ) =Acknowledgments The authors thank the Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) for providing the Van Allen Probes data ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp/ ), the OMNI data ( https://spdf.gs
Sample usage ( ACK ) =) for providing the Van Allen Probes data ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp/ ), the OMNI data ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/ ), and the POES data ( https://www ta ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp/ ), the OMNI data ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/ ), and the POES data ( https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/satellite/poes/ ).
Sample usage ( BODY ) = are publicly available at the websites: https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp/ , and the OMNI data are publicly available at the websites https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/</e /rbsp/ , and the OMNI data are publicly available at the websites https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/ .

Authors=Moissard, C.; Butcher, C.; Ruler, E.; Richardson, J.; Michotte de Welle, B.; Steward, W.; Pritchard, M.; Gonzalez Del Valle, D.; Defayet, V.; Bernal, A.; Cavicchi, V.; David, V.;
Title=The Speed of Interplanetary Shocks Through the Magnetosheath: A Toy Model, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024GL113488, ID:33829409.
Keywords: omni
Sample usage ( BODY ) =Each magnetosheath measurement was paired with OMNI data in the upstream solar wind. Since the bow shock and magnetopause positions vary overtime depending on interplanetary solar wind condi

Authors=Nailwal, Dayakrishna; Sunil Krishna, M. V.; Lu, Xian; Wu, Haonan; Kumar, Akash; Ranjan, Alok Kumar;
Title=Unusual Variation in Nitric Oxide Radiative Flux and Neutral Density Over Hunga-Tonga Region Caused by the Volcanic Eruption, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL115083, ID:33829504.
Keywords: omniweb
Sample usage ( ACK ) =Acknowledgments We acknowledge the SABER, Swarm/NRLMSIS, OMNIWeb, WDC for Geomagnetism (Kyoto University), and TIEGCM for providing all the necessary data.
Sample usage ( BODY ) =hp ), Dst-Index data provided by World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto is obtained from OMNIWeb ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/dx1.html ), the Swarm-B data is publicly avai ed by World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto is obtained from OMNIWeb ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/dx1.html ), the Swarm-B data is publicly available at ( http://swarm-dis

Authors=Koutroumpa, D.; Kuntz, K. D.; Carter, J. A.; Raines, J.; Lepri, S. T.; Zhao, L.;
Title=Empirical Functions for Highly Charged Ion Abundances in Solar Wind Charge Exchange Models: Addressing Post-2011 ACE Data Limitations, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024GL114374, ID:34101177.
Keywords: space physics data facility
Sample usage ( BODY ) =The OMNI 2 [He/H] data are available through the NASA Space Physics Data Facility OMNIWeb Service: https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ow.html .

Authors=Wang, Jian-ping; Zhang, Bei-chen; Zhang, Qing-yu; Zhang, Shun-rong; Zhang, Qing-he; Wang, Guo-jun; Liu, Jian-jun;
Title=A Statistical Study of the Decreased TEC Region During Summer at Northern High Latitudes, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL114676, ID:34101224.
Keywords: cdaweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =F10.7 and Kp data are provided by the NASA CDAWeb ( https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov ). F10.7 and Kp data are provided by the NASA CDAWeb ( https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov ).

Authors=Kervalishvili, Guram; Michaelis, Ingo; Korte, Monika; Rauberg, Jan; Matzka, Jurgen;
Title=A Novel Model for Forecasting Geomagnetic Indices Using Machine Learning, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL114848, ID:34101246.
Keywords: spdf, omniweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =The 1-min solar wind data are accessible from the SFC/SPDF OMNIWeb interface at https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov .
Sample usage ( BODY ) =} right)$ , proton density, and solar wind flow speed, using 1-min resolution data from the OMNIWeb data set (Papitashvili King, 2020). Additional features include IMF component signs, domina The 1-min solar wind data are accessible from the SFC/SPDF OMNIWeb interface at https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov . -min solar wind data are accessible from the SFC/SPDF OMNIWeb interface at https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov .

Authors=Xiu, Zhi-Feng; Ma, Yu-Zhang; Zhang, Qing-He; Xing, Zan-Yang; Lyons, Larry; Oksavik, Kjellmar; Zhang, Yong-Liang; Hairston, Marc; Wang, Yong; Zhang, Duan; Lu, Sheng;
Title=How Do Space Hurricanes Disturb the Polar Thermosphere: A Statistical Survey, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL115160, ID:34101289.
Keywords: omniweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =olar wind, IMF, and geomagnetic indices were obtained from the NASA OMNI database ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/omni_min.html ). IMF, geomagnetic conditions, DMSP F16/SSUSI, and GOCE s

Authors=He, Jiabei; Chen, Lunjin; Xia, Zhiyang; Shumko, Mykhaylo; Blum, Lauren;
Title=Association of Relativistic Electron Microbursts Duration With Chorus Wave Properties, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024GL113694, ID:34101363.
Keywords: spdf, space physics data facility
Sample usage ( BODY ) =data of Van Allen Probes used in this paper are provided by the Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp/ . this paper are provided by the Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp/ .
Sample usage ( BODY ) =ity Statement The data of Van Allen Probes used in this paper are provided by the Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp/ .

Authors=Dong, Junhu; Ni, Binbin; Xiang, Zheng; Wu, Zhiyong;
Title=A Generation Mechanism of Banded Plasmaspheric Hiss, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024GL113809, ID:34101373.
Keywords: spdf
Sample usage ( BODY ) =the ECT and RBSPICE instruments are publicly available on the website https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp/rbspa/l3/ . Ray tracing program for Investigation of WAves Near the Earth (IWAN

Authors=Das, S. K.; Stolle, C.; Yamazaki, Y.; Rodriguez-Zuluaga, J.; Wan, X.; Kervalishvili, G.; Rauberg, J.; Zhong, J.; Perwitasari, S.;
Title=On the F-Region Ionospheric Plasma Density Distribution and Irregularities Response During the May-2024 Geomagnetic Storm Observed by LEO Satellites, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL115780, ID:34694676.
Keywords: omni
Sample usage ( BODY ) =the temporal variation of solar wind and IMF parameters derived from high-resolution (1-min) OMNI data during the May-2024 geomagnetic storm.

Authors=Colomban, L.; Agapitov, O. V.; Krasnoselskikh, V.; Choi, K.-E.; Kretzschmar, M.; Dudok de Wit, T.; Mozer, F. S.; Bonnell, J. W.; Bale, S.; Malaspina, D.; Raouafi, N. E.; Pulupa, M.;
Title=Polarization Properties of Whistler Waves From the First 17 Parker Solar Probe Encounters, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL114622, ID:34694684.
Keywords: cdaweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =lability Statement The data used in this work are available on the public data archive NASA CDAWeb ( https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.html/ ). this work are available on the public data archive NASA CDAWeb ( https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.html/ ).

Authors=Hayashi, M.; Yoshikawa, A.; Ohtani, S.;
Title=Does the Dayside Equatorial Ionospheric Electric Field Respond to Isolated Substorms?, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL115227, ID:34694703.
Keywords: space physics data facility, omniweb
Sample usage ( ACK ) =Solar wind data were provided by the OMNIWeb service of the Space Physics Data Facility at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center ( http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ).
Sample usage ( BODY ) =Solar wind data were provided by the OMNIWeb service of the Space Physics Data Facility at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/omni_min_def.html ).
Sample usage ( ACK ) =Solar wind data were provided by the OMNIWeb service of the Space Physics Data Facility at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center ( http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ). rvice of the Space Physics Data Facility at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center ( http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ).
Sample usage ( BODY ) =Solar wind data were provided by the OMNIWeb service of the Space Physics Data Facility at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/omni_min_def.html ).

Authors=Yeakel, Kiley L.; Cohen, Ian; Turner, Drew L.;
Title=Variability of Earth’s Magnetopause and Bow Shock Locations Modeled via Multi-Decade Solar Wind Observations, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL115462, ID:34694709.
Keywords: cdaweb, space physics data facility, omni, omniweb
Sample usage ( ACK ) =Acknowledgments We acknowledge use of NASA/GSFC’s Space Physics Data Facility’s CDAWeb service and OMNI data. Additionally, we acknowledge the use of PySPEDAS to access and process the OMNI
Sample usage ( BODY ) =Data The high resolution OMNI data set at a 1-min sampling cadence from NASA/GSFC’s CDAWEB was used for upstream solar wind conditions (King Papitashvili, 2005; Papitashvili King, 2020). Data The high resolution OMNI data set at a 1-min sampling cadence from NASA/GSFC’s CDAWEB was used for upstream solar wind conditions (King Papitashvili, 2005; Papitashvili King, 2020). MNI data used in the manuscript were sourced from NASA/GSFC’s Space Physics Data Facility’s CDAWEB service ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ; Papitashvili King, 2020).
Sample usage ( ACK ) =Acknowledgments We acknowledge use of NASA/GSFC’s Space Physics Data Facility’s CDAWeb service and OMNI data.
Sample usage ( BODY ) =tatement All 1-min OMNI data used in the manuscript were sourced from NASA/GSFC’s Space Physics Data Facility’s CDAWEB service ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ; Papitashvili King, 2020).
Sample usage ( ACK ) =ledgments We acknowledge use of NASA/GSFC’s Space Physics Data Facility’s CDAWeb service and OMNI data. Additionally, we acknowledge the use of PySPEDAS to access and process the OMNI</e m>OMNI data. Additionally, we acknowledge the use of PySPEDAS to access and process the OMNI data products (Grimes et al., 2022), built upon the SPEDAS tool (Angelopoulos et al., 2019).
Sample usage ( ABSTRACT ) =We utilize 27 years of OMNI solar wind data to drive a Monte Carlo simulation in which 1,000 solar wind conditions are randomly drawn and the MP and BS locations are simulated.
Sample usage ( BODY ) =pt were sourced from NASA/GSFC’s Space Physics Data Facility’s CDAWEB service ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ; Papitashvili King, 2020). The average and median surfaces as well as the 75%,

Authors=Jun, Chae-Woo; Miyoshi, Yoshizumi; Hori, Tomoaki; Bortnik, Jacob; Lyons, Larry; Kim, Khan-Hyuk; Mitani, Takefumi; Takashima, Takeshi; Shinohara, Iku; Higashio, Nana; Matsuoka, Ayako; Yamamoto, Kazuhiro; Teramoto, Mariko;
Title=In Situ Observations of the Influence of Nonlinear EMIC Waves on Relativistic Electrons in the Outer Radiation Belt, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024GL113855, ID:38256132.
Keywords: spdf, omni, omniweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =t The EMFISIS and ECT data used in this work are publicly available from the website https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp . Arase satellite data sets for this research are available in t The SYM-H index and SME were obtained from the SPDF/Goddard Space Flight Center interface at http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ and SuperMAG database at https://supermag.jhuapl.edu/ .
Sample usage ( BODY ) =The solar wind dynamic pressure ( P dyn ), SYM-H, and AE indices were obtained from the OMNI database and World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto. The solar wind dynamic pressure ( P dyn ), SYM-H, and AE indices were obtained from the OMNI database and World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto.
Sample usage ( BODY ) =dex and SME were obtained from the SPDF/Goddard Space Flight Center interface at http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ and SuperMAG database at https://supermag.jhuapl.edu/ .

Authors=Graham, D. B.; Khotyaintsev, Yu. V.; Lalti, A.;
Title=Ion-Acoustic Waves and the Proton-Alpha Streaming Instability at Collisionless Shocks, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL115273, ID:38256236.
Keywords: spdf
Sample usage ( BODY ) =ent MMS data are available at https://lasp.colorado.edu/mms/sdc/public and https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/mms/ . We use burst mode magnetic field data from FGM (Russell et al., 2022), e

Authors=Gershman, Daniel J.; Clark, George;
Title=Predictions of Auroral Electron Precipitation and Joule Heating at Uranus, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024GL114470, ID:38256266.
Keywords: cdaweb, space physics data facility
Sample usage ( ACK ) =We gratefully acknowledge use of NASA/GSFC’s Space Physics Data Facility’s CDAWeb service that provided DMSP SSJ data.
Sample usage ( ACK ) =We gratefully acknowledge use of NASA/GSFC’s Space Physics Data Facility’s CDAWeb service that provided DMSP SSJ data.

Authors=Strong, M.; Cohen, M.; Galkin, I.;
Title=Upper Atmospheric Vortices Following Strong Geomagnetic Storms, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024GL113726, ID:34931475.
Keywords: spdf, space physics data facility
Sample usage ( BODY ) = the GOLD website, https://gold.cs.ucf.edu/search/ , and NASA’s Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF), https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/gold/ . .ucf.edu/search/ , and NASA’s Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF), https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/gold/ .
Sample usage ( BODY ) =can be obtained at the GOLD website, https://gold.cs.ucf.edu/search/ , and NASA’s Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF), https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/gold/ .

Authors=Pan, Yudi; Xu, Wei; Gu, Xudong; Ni, Binbin; Pettit, Joshua M.; Nesse, Hilde; Feng, Jingyuan; Wang, Shiwei; Cheng, Wen; Xu, Haotian; Ma, Wenchen; Zhai, Dongfang; Shi, Hanqing; Marshall, Robert A.;
Title=WACCM Simulation of Polar Ozone Response to Relativistic Electron Precipitation, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024GL114012, ID:34931490.
Keywords: omniweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =or the year of 2003, as obtained from the Space Weather Data Products (available at https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov ). Figure 1b shows the IPR produced by precipitating electrons with energies

Authors=Bishop, Tyler; Blum, Lauren; Chu, Xiangning; Maruyama, Naomi;
Title=A Superposed Epoch Analysis of Two Stage Refilling in the Plasmasphere, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024GL114582, ID:34931498.
Keywords: cdaweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) = data product (Kletzing et al., 2023) from the Van Allen Probes, which can be accessed from CDAWeb at https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ or directly downloaded from https://spdf.gsfc.nas , 2023) from the Van Allen Probes, which can be accessed from CDAWeb at https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ or directly downloaded from https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp/rbspa/l4/em

Authors=Wang, Qiushuo; Li, Jinxing; Bortnik, Jacob; Ma, Qianli; Tian, Sheng; Baker, Daniel N.; Wygant, John; Hospodarsky, George B.; Reeves, Geoffrey D.;
Title=First Observation of Mini Harmonic Structure in Magnetosonic Waves, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL114908, ID:34931509.
Keywords: omni
Sample usage ( BODY ) =The geomagnetic AE and Sym-H indices from the OMNI data set are used to identify substorm and geomagnetic storm events. The geomagnetic indices are available through the OMNI database ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/**omni**/high_res_omni/ ).

Authors=Chen, Huayue; Wang, Xueyi; Lin, Yu; Zhao, Hong; Wang, Chih-Ping; Li, Xinmin; Gu, Shujie; Omura, Yoshiharu; Chen, Lunjin; Li, Xiaolei; Hsieh, Yi-Kai;
Title=Nonlinear Proton Dynamics in the Formation of Rising-Tone EMIC Wave Subpackets, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL115834, ID:34931548.
Keywords: spdf
Sample usage ( BODY ) =Data Availability Statement The data from Van Allen Probe A are from https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp/rbspa/ . The simulation data are available at H.

Authors=Burkholder, B. L.; Chen, L.-J.; Lin, D.; Vines, S. K.; Sorathia, K. A.; Bowers, C. F.;
Title=Field-Aligned Currents and Auroral Precipitation During the Terrestrial Alfven Wing State, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL115910, ID:34980876.
Keywords: space physics data facility, omni, omniweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =We acknowledge use of NASA/GSFC’s Space Physics Data Facility’s OMNIWeb (https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/). Omni 1-min data, nasa space physics data facility. (Accessed: 2025-02-21) doi: https://doi.org/10.48322/45bb-8792 Pedersen, M.
Sample usage ( BODY ) =-3- manuscript submitted to Geophysical Research Letters a 12:00 13:30 d f b g e c Figure 1. OMNI data on April 24, 2023: (a) IMF in SM coordinates, (b) plasma velocity (left axis) and MA (r E., & King, J. H. (2020). Omni 1-min data, nasa space physics data facility.
Sample usage ( BODY ) =MERA integrates the ideal MHD equations driven by time-dependent solar wind parameters from OMNIWeb (see Figures 1a and b). The inner boundary condition is derived by REMIX from the distribut ld (IMF), solar wind speed (left side blue axis), and MA (right side orange axis) from NASA OMNIWeb (Papitashvili & King, 2020) on April 24 (see longer interval in B. We acknowledge use of NASA/GSFC’s Space Physics Data Facility’s OMNIWeb (https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/). We thank the team of the Center for Geospace Storms for providing the MAGE m acknowledge use of NASA/GSFC’s Space Physics Data Facility’s OMNIWeb (https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/). We thank the team of the Center for Geospace Storms for providing the MAGE mod

Authors=Mozer, F. S.; Agapitov, O. V.;
Title=Electric Field Measurements Made in Space, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL115999, ID:34980910.
Keywords: cdaweb, spdf, space physics data facility
Sample usage ( BODY ) =Data from the Polar satellite (Fig. 4) may be obtained at https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/, from the Parker Solar Probe (Fig. 5) at spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov, and from the Van Allen Probes (Fig 6) htt
Sample usage ( BODY ) =be obtained at https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/, from the Parker Solar Probe (Fig. 5) at spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov, and from the Van Allen Probes (Fig 6) https://emfisis.physics.uiowa.edu/data/index an atively, all this data may be obtained from the NASA Space Physics Data Facility, https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov. 9 REFERENCES Agapitov, O. V., Krasnoselskikh, V., Mozer, F.
Sample usage ( BODY ) =Alternatively, all this data may be obtained from the NASA Space Physics Data Facility, https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov. 9 REFERENCES Agapitov, O.

Authors=Bai, Shi-Chen; Guo, Ruilong; Shi, Quanqi; Tian, Anmin; Zhang, Hui; Qin, Sitian; Degeling, Alexander W.;
Title=Statistical Analysis of the Short Large-Amplitude Magnetic Structures: Evolution and Ion Resonance, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL116547, ID:35429151.
Keywords: omni
Sample usage ( BODY ) = km, allowing for observations of the same SLAMS at different stages of their evolution. The OMNI data set provides the upstream solar wind conditions of the SLAMS.

Authors=Lu, Mingyue; Zhu, Hui; Zhao, Yingying; Chen, Huicong; Qin, Zhijie; She, Zhenghao;
Title=Dependence of Plasmaspheric Hiss Power on ope/Oce, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL116589, ID:35429156.
Keywords: cdaweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =Data Availability Statement The Van Allen Probe data are available at https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp/ . The NURD data set is available at the GFZ Data Services (Zhelavskaya et al.

Authors=Montagud-Camps, Victor; Toledo-Redondo, Sergio; Goldstein, Jerry; Fuselier, Stephen A.; Andre, Mats; Albert, Inmaculada F.; Castilla, Aida; Salinas, Alfonso; Porti, Jorge; Navarro, Enrique A.;
Title=Statistical Analysis of the Warm Plasma Cloak in the Dayside Magnetosphere: 9 Years of MMS Observations, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL116933, ID:35429167.
Keywords: omni, omniweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =s B z , G S E ${B}{z,GSE}$ component during the same time period, both obtained from NASA’s OMNI hourly database. The Kp index indicates, in a scale from 0 to 9, the intensity of geomagneti The Kp indices and solar wind’s B z , G S E ${B}{z,GSE}$ are from NASA’s OMNI database ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov ).
Sample usage ( BODY ) = indices and solar wind’s B z , G S E ${B}_{z,GSE}$ are from NASA’s OMNI database ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov ).

Authors=Liu, Y. H.; Tian, A. M.; Xiao, C.; Liu, J.; Su, H.; Lu, Y. F.; Ma, X.; Shi, Q. Q.; Guo, R. L.; Wang, M. Y.; Hu, Z. M.;
Title=Recognition of Lunar Tidal Wind Dynamo Currents in Geomagnetic Lunar Variations, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL117161, ID:35429173.
Keywords: cdaweb
Sample usage ( ACK ) = data are publicly available through the Coordinated Data Analysis Web ( https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/timed/ ). This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of
Sample usage ( BODY ) =a of TIMED/TIDI (~80-115 km, 2002-2020) are readily accessible through https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/timed/tidi/ .

Authors=Feng, Bopu; Ouyang, Zhihai; Yu, Xiongdong; Wang, Yangyang; Li, Haimeng; Chen, Zhou; Xiong, Ying; Tengchen, Kemin; Zhou, Meng; Tang, Rongxin; Yuan, Zhigang; Deng, Xiaohua;
Title=Cold Plasma Heating by Lower Hybrid Waves Excited by Warm Proton Ring Distribution in the Inner Magnetosphere, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL116142, ID:35429223.
Keywords: spdf, space physics data facility, omni
Sample usage ( ACK ) =Acknowledgments The authors thank the Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) for providing the Van Allen Probes data ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp/ ), the OMNI data ( h cs Data Facility (SPDF) for providing the Van Allen Probes data ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp/ ), the OMNI data ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/ ). ta ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp/ ), the OMNI data ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/ ).
Sample usage ( BODY ) =en Probes data used for this study are publicly available at the websites: https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp/ , and the OMNI data are publicly available at the websites https://spd data/rbsp/ , and the OMNI data are publicly available at the websites https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/ .
Sample usage ( ACK ) =Acknowledgments The authors thank the Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) for providing the Van Allen Probes data ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp/ ), the OMNI data ( https://spdf.gs
Sample usage ( ACK ) =) for providing the Van Allen Probes data ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp/ ), the OMNI data ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/ ). ta ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp/ ), the OMNI data ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/ ).
Sample usage ( BODY ) = are publicly available at the websites: https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp/ , and the OMNI data are publicly available at the websites https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/</e /rbsp/ , and the OMNI data are publicly available at the websites https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/ .

Authors=Zhang, Liang; Liu, Zhongfang; Tinsley, Brian;
Title=Height-Latitude Patterns of Interannual Climate Variability in the Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere During Spring and Autumn Months, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL116281, ID:35429225.
Keywords: spdf, omni, omniweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =solar F10.7 data can be obtained at https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/dx1.html via the GSFC/SPDF OMNI web interface.
Sample usage ( BODY ) = F10.7 data can be obtained at https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/dx1.html via the GSFC/SPDF OMNI web interface.
Sample usage ( BODY ) =The solar F10.7 data can be obtained at https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/dx1.html via the GSFC/SPDF OMNI web interface.

Authors=Chen, Rui; Zhao, Hong; Califf, Sam; Ferradas, Cristian; Fok, Mei-Ching;
Title=A Comparative Study of the Differential Deep Penetration of Energetic Electrons, Protons, and Heavy Ions Into the Low-L Region, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL116646, ID:35993837.
Keywords: spdf, omni, omniweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =E and the RBSP-ECT Magnetic Ephemeris files are available from the website https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp/ . The geomagnetic indices are available from the website ( https://spd data/rbsp/ . The geomagnetic indices are available from the website ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/ ).
Sample usage ( BODY ) =The geomagnetic indices are available from the website ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/ ).
Sample usage ( BODY ) =We also use the geomagnetic indices from OMNIWeb. In this study, we develop an automatic algorithm to identify these deep penetration events for each species using both Van Allen Probes’ dat

Authors=Li, Yu-Xuan; Yue, Chao; Liu, Jianjun; Hu, Zejun; Zong, Qiugang; Zhou, Xuzhi; Wang, Shan; Sun, Yixin; Liu, Ying; Zou, Hong; Wang, Yongfu; Ye, Yuguang;
Title=The Characteristics of Energetic Electron Precipitation Based on Low Altitude FY-3E Satellite Measurements, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL117526, ID:35993871.
Keywords: cdaweb, space physics data facility, omni
Sample usage ( BODY ) =We acknowledge use of NASA/GSFC’s Space Physics Data Facility’s CDAWeb service for OMNI data (Papitashvili King, 2020), on the website ( https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.html/ ). Web service for OMNI data (Papitashvili King, 2020), on the website ( https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.html/ ).
Sample usage ( BODY ) =We acknowledge use of NASA/GSFC’s Space Physics Data Facility’s CDAWeb service for OMNI data (Papitashvili King, 2020), on the website ( https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.html/ ).
Sample usage ( BODY ) =We acknowledge use of NASA/GSFC’s Space Physics Data Facility’s CDAWeb service for OMNI data (Papitashvili King, 2020), on the website ( https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.html/ ).

Authors=Li, Yajun; Xiao, Chao; Shi, Quanqi; Huang, Hongtao; Wang, Huizi; Tian, Anmin; Duan, Die; Ren, Ganming; Tang, Tao; Lin, Yang; Li, Chenghao; Suo, Jiajia;
Title=A Predictive Model of the Position of Plasmapause Based on Lunar Phase and Deep Learning Framework, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL116485, ID:35993963.
Keywords: omniweb
Sample usage ( ACK ) =We sincerely thank the NASA/GSFC OMNIWeb for providing the 5 min averaged solar wind and IMF data.
Sample usage ( BODY ) =Solar wind parameters and geomagnetic indices were obtained from the OMNIWeb database ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov ) and are cited according to King and Papitashvili ( 2005). rameters and geomagnetic indices were obtained from the OMNIWeb database ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov ) and are cited according to King and Papitashvili ( 2005).

Authors=Koike, H.; Yamauchi, M.; Taguchi, S.; Nilsson, H.; Dandouras, I.;
Title=Energization of Outflowing O+ by Double-Pickup in Earthward Plasma Jets From Lobe Reconnection and in Magnetosheath Flow, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL115236, ID:36312757.
Keywords: cdaweb, omni
Sample usage ( BODY ) =The OMNI solar wind data are also provided in the CDF format by NASA/CDAWeb ( https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov ). The test particle simulation data are available at Koike ( 2025). OMNI solar wind data are also provided in the CDF format by NASA/CDAWeb ( https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov ). The test particle simulation data are available at Koike ( 2025).
Sample usage ( BODY ) =This study also used solar wind data from the 1-min OMNI (Papitashvili King, 2020). All quantities derived from the CIS-CODIF data are presented in the spacecraft frame, and all vector quant nstructions at: https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/csa-guide/how-to-use-tap-to-access-csa ). The OMNI solar wind data are also provided in the CDF format by NASA/CDAWeb ( https://cdaweb.gsfc.nas

Authors=Gu, Shujie; Liu, Xu; Chen, Lunjin; Usanova, M. E.; Gu, Wenyao; Xia, Zhiyang;
Title=Observational Properties of Harmonic EMIC Waves: Statistical Study, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL115485, ID:36312766.
Keywords: spdf, space physics data facility
Sample usage ( BODY ) =data of Van Allen Probes used in this paper are provided by the Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp/ ). is paper are provided by the Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp/ ).
Sample usage ( BODY ) =ity Statement The data of Van Allen Probes used in this paper are provided by the Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp/ ).

Authors=Dhanya, M. B.; Yadav, Chemukula Mathin; Thampi, Smitha V.; Das, Tirtha Pratim; Thampi, R. Satheesh; Bhardwaj, Anil;
Title=Impact of a Coronal Mass Ejection on the Lunar Exosphere as Observed by CHACE-2 on the Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL115737, ID:36312773.
Keywords: cdaweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =du/ACE/ASC/level2/ ), and 3DP/WIND data (WI_PM_3DP) was taken from the CDA web ( https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ).

Authors=Nilam, B.; Tulasi Ram, S.; Oliveira, D. M.; Remya, B.; Shiokawa, K.; Rai, Deeksha; Sibeck, D.; Dimri, A. P.;
Title=Strong Westward Current Pulse at Auroral Latitudes Extending to Dawn-Side Low-Latitudes Due To Enhanced Density Within Kelvin-Helmholtz Wave Vortex in Solar Wind, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL117032, ID:36312837.
Keywords: cdaweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =ARTEMIS data are available through the NASA-CDAWeb data service, while MMS data were acquired from the MMS Science Center ( https://lasp.colorado.edu/mms/sdc/public/ ).

Authors=Wang, Yu; Han, Desheng;
Title=PAOPS (Prenoon Auroral Oval Poleward Shift): A Novel Prenoon-Postnoon Auroral Asymmetry Phenomenon Revealed by Simultaneous Interhemispheric Observations, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL117293, ID:36312847.
Keywords: cdaweb, spdf, omni
Sample usage ( BODY ) =The DMSP/SSUSI data are provided by CDAWeb FTP and JHU/APL, which can be accessed from this DOI link ( https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15867379 ).
Sample usage ( BODY ) =ent The IMF and solar wind data are obtained from the NASA OMNI database ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/ ). The particle data are obtained from the NOAA FTP and JHU/APL ( https://
Sample usage ( BODY ) =The occurrence condition is a 20-min averaged value of the OMNI data, taken immediately preceding the PAOPS event time. The background condition is defined by 20-min averaged values of the < g the PAOPS event time. The background condition is defined by 20-min averaged values of the OMNI data from 2000 randomly selected background events spanning from 2007 to 2017. The occurrence condition is a 20-min averaged value of the OMNI data, taken immediately preceding the PAOPS event time. Data Availability Statement The IMF and solar wind data are obtained from the NASA OMNI database ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/ ). MF and solar wind data are obtained from the NASA OMNI database ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/ ).

Authors=Tsurutani, Bruce T.; Hajra, Rajkumar; Ebihara, Yusuke; Lakhina, Gurbax S.; Narita, Yasuhito; Glassmeier, Karl-Heinz;
Title=The Shock-Substorm of 24 September 1998: A Different Type of Substorm Trigger Onset, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL115509, ID:36348683.
Keywords: cdaweb, omniweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =cecraft magnetic field measurements are obtained from NASA’s Coordinated Data Analysis Web (CDAWeb: https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ). The digital data files in the netCDF format can rements are obtained from NASA’s Coordinated Data Analysis Web (CDAWeb: https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ). The digital data files in the netCDF format can be directly downloaded at: ht
Sample usage ( BODY ) =be obtained from the following sources: solar wind plasma IMF data are obtained from NASA’s OMNIWeb Plus Browser ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ftpbrowser/wind_min_merge.html ) by specifying

Authors=Fu, Weizheng; Otsuka, Yuichi; Ssessanga, Nicholas; Yokoyama, Tatsuhiro; Yamamoto, Mamoru;
Title=High-Resolution GNSS Tomography of Storm-Enhanced Density and Embedded Depletions Over Japan During the May 2024 Super Geomagnetic Storm, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL116567, ID:36348710.
Keywords: omniweb Sample usage ( BODY ) =The IMF-Bz and SYM-H data are available at OMNIWeb at https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ . The IMF-Bz and SYM-H data are available at OMNIWeb at https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ .

Authors=Chisham, Gareth; Burrell, Angeline G.; Zawdie, Kate A.;
Title=The Impact of Adaptive High-Latitude Coordinates, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL115265, ID:36348759.
Keywords: space physics data facility
Sample usage ( ACK ) =The authors would like to thank the NASA Space Physics Data Facility and National Space Science Data Center.

Authors=Tachi, Kohki; Katoh, Yuto; Santolik, Ondrej;
Title=Whistler-Mode Chorus Wave Duct Propagation Caused by Ultralow Frequency Wave: Event Analysis and Ray-Tracing Simulation, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL116840, ID:36545323.
Keywords: omni, omniweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =Geomagnetic conditions data can be found at https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/omni_min.html . The AE index used in this study is available from the World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto
Sample usage ( BODY ) =Geomagnetic conditions data can be found at https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/omni_min.html . The AE index used in this study is available from the World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto

Authors=Lou, Yuequn; Ni, Binbin; Cao, Xing; Ma, Qianli; Miyoshi, Yoshizumi; Wang, Dedong; Chen, Shuqin; Li, Jiaming; Gu, Xudong; Ma, Xin; Zhu, Qi; Kasahara, Yoshiya; Matsuda, Shoya; Shinbori, Atsuki; Matsuoka, Ayako; Teramoto, Mariko; Yamamoto, Kazuhiro; Shinohara, Iku;
Title=Distinct Global Distribution of Electrostatic Electron Cyclotron Harmonic Waves in Earth’s Magnetosphere Revealed by Multi-Satellite Observations, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL117276, ID:36545349.
Keywords: cdaweb, spdf, omniweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =Solar wind data and geomagnetic indices are available at https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.html/ .
Sample usage ( BODY ) =Data Availability Statement Van Allen Probes data used are available at https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/rbsp/rbspa/ . This study uses VAP-A WFR-L2, HFR-L2 and magnetometer L3 data from th
Sample usage ( BODY ) =itions in ( L , MLT, MLAT) coordinates derived from the T04S magnetic field model driven by OMNIWeb solar wind inputs. Based on the noise level and orbits of the satellites, we define the fol

Authors=Gunzkofer, Florian; Liu, Hanli; Liu, Huixin; Stober, Gunter; Lu, Gang; Wu, Haonan; Bartel, Nicholas; Heymann, Frank; Borries, Claudia;
Title=High-Latitude Joule Heating in TIE-GCM 3.0: Evaluation of Different Plasma Convection Forcing Models, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL117647, ID:36545359.
Keywords: spdf
Sample usage ( ACK ) =We are grateful to the community data providers (NASA SPDF, SuperMAG, and SuperDARN) for providing data for the community, such that they can be used in AMGeO.

Authors=Ma, Lan; Shen, Chao; Ji, Yong; Zhou, Yufei; Tan, Xin; Dunlop, M. W.; Yang, Yanyan; Gao, Lai; Cheng, Kun;
Title=The Distribution of Electromagnetic Power Density in the Ring Current Region, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024GL113702, ID:36545383.
Keywords: cdaweb, omni
Sample usage ( BODY ) =sed in this study are publicly available at the MMS Science Data Center ( https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/mms/ ), including survey-mode magnetic field data from the Fluxgate Magnetomet nd and geomagnetic index parameters were sourced from the OMNI data set ( https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/ ).
Sample usage ( BODY ) =In addition, high-resolution OMNI (HRO) 1-min SYM-H, and AE indices data are used. The solar wind and geomagnetic index parameters were sourced from the OMNI data set ( https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/ ). omagnetic index parameters were sourced from the OMNI data set ( https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/ ).

Authors=Lotekar, Ajay; Khotyaintsev, Yuri V.; Graham, Daniel B.; Dimmock, Andrew; Johlander, Andreas; Lalti, Ahmad;
Title=Occurrence of Non-Stationarity at Earth’s Quasi-Perpendicular Bow Shock, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL116121, ID:36545389.
Keywords: spdf, omni
Sample usage ( BODY ) =ent MMS data are available at https://lasp.colorado.edu/mms/sdc/public and https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/mms/ . We use burst mode magnetic field data from FGM (Russell et al., 2022).
Sample usage ( BODY ) =Farris bow shock model (Farris et al., 1991), and upstream parameters are retrieved from the OMNI service (King Papitashvili, 2005). We direct readers to Lalti, Khotyaintsev, Graham, et al.

Authors=Gao, Hong; Xu, Jiyao; Wang, Wenbin; Liu, Weijun; Liu, Xiao; Moro, Juliano; Zhu, Yajun; He, Maosheng;
Title=Response of Neutral Temperature in the Lower Thermosphere to Geomagnetic Storms Observed by ICON/MIGHTI, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL116133, ID:36545390.
Keywords: spdf, omni, omni2, omni-2
Sample usage ( BODY ) =nd ap index used in this study are form OMNI2 data, which are available at https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/ .
Sample usage ( BODY ) =nd ap index used in this study are form OMNI2 data, which are available at https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/ .
Sample usage ( BODY ) =The F10.7 index, Dst index, and ap index used in this study are form OMNI2 data, which are available at https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/ .
Sample usage ( BODY ) =The F10.7 index, Dst index, and ap index used in this study are form OMNI2 data, which are available at https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/ .

Authors=Zhao, Bianlong; Zhang, Jiaojiao; Zhang, Qinghe; Wang, Wei; Xing, Zanyang; Lyons, L. R.; Nishimura, Y.; Oksavik, Kjellmar; Wang, Xiangyu; Li, Hang; Ma, Yuzhang; Wang, Yong; Zhang, Duan; Wang, Chi; Deng, Xiang; Lan, Ailan; Yan, Jingye; Ruohoniemi, J. Michael; Nishitani, Nozomu; Shepherd, Simon G.; Xu, Tong; Sun, Shuji;
Title=Simultaneous Observation of Duskside and Dawnside Subauroral Polarization Streams During an Intense Magnetic Storm, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024GL114160, ID:36545407.
Keywords: omniweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =The IMF and SYM-H index are available at the NASA OMNIWeb site via https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ (Papitashvili King, 2020). The IMF and SYM-H index are available at the NASA OMNIWeb site via https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ (Papitashvili King, 2020).

Authors=Ashok, Arya; Ambili, K. M.; Choudhary, R. K.; Lu, Gang;
Title=Unique Signatures of Meridional Wind Variations on the Electron Density Distribution Over the Dip Equator, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL117926, ID:38256427.
Keywords: spdf, omni, omniweb Sample usage ( BODY ) =The OMNI data were obtained from the GSFC/SPDF OMNIWeb interface at https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov .
Sample usage ( BODY ) =The HWM14 was developed by Douglas Drob at the Naval Research Laboratory. The OMNI data were obtained from the GSFC/SPDF OMNIWeb interface at https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov .
Sample usage ( BODY ) =The OMNI data were obtained from the GSFC/SPDF OMNIWeb interface at https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov . The OMNI data were obtained from the GSFC/SPDF OMNIWeb interface at https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov .

Authors=Kim, Khan-Hyuk; Lee, Junhyun; Kistler, Lynn;
Title=Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Cold Ions in the Inner Magnetosphere During Large Magnetic Storms, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL115846, ID:38256557.
Keywords: space physics data facility
Sample usage ( BODY ) =Statement Van Allen Probes data are available at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Space Physics Data Facility Coordinated Data Analysis Web ( 2025).

Authors=Aggarwal, Deepali; Oberheide, Jens; Kumari, Komal;
Title=Observed Ionospheric Tidal Response to the Madden-Julian Oscillation, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL115481, ID:38256656.
Keywords: omniweb Sample usage ( BODY ) =The daily averaged F10.7 cm radio flux is from NASA/GSFC OMNIWeb at https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/html/citing.html (Papitashvili King, 2020). The daily averaged F10.7 cm radio flux is from NASA/GSFC OMNIWeb at https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/html/citing.html (Papitashvili King, 2020).

Authors=Zhang, Huanwei; He, Yang; Sheng, Zheng; Sui, Haoyang;
Title=Refined Reconstruction of Multimodal Mesospheric Temperature Fields Based on Diffusion Model, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL118581, ID:37273609.
Keywords: spdf
Sample usage ( BODY ) =ability Statement SABER data set is publicly available for download at https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/timed/saber/ . MERRA-2 reanalysis product is publicly available for download at Glo

Authors=Delzanno, Gian Luca; Isola, Brianna; Lao, Christian; Borovsky, Joseph E.; Sorathia, Kareem; Merkin, Viacheslav G.; Koshkarov, Oleksandr; McCubbin, Andrew; Garretson, Jeff; Arnold, Harry; Lin, Dong;
Title=Validation of a Global Geospace Model With a Systems Science Approach Based on Canonical Correlation Analysis, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL115589, ID:37273692.
Keywords: omni, omniweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) = SuperMag data were obtained from the SuperMag website ( https://supermag.jhuapl.edu/ ). The OMNI data were obtained from the NASA OMNI website ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ). website ( https://supermag.jhuapl.edu/ ). The OMNI data were obtained from the NASA OMNI website ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ).
Sample usage ( BODY ) =ary condition, and F10.7, used to inform dayside EUV conductance, are obtained from NASA’s OMNIWeb, with further details of their use in the model included in Sorathia et al. ( 2023). These quantities are obtained from NASA’s OMNIWeb data and are the same for the observation and simulation data sets. The OMNI data were obtained from the NASA OMNI website ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ). Global Research Collaboration Statement This research is dedicated to the memory of Mostafa El-Alao

Authors=Sorathia, K. A.; Shumko, M.; Liang, J.; Arnold, H.; Sinha, G.; Merkin, V. G.; Sciola, A.; Michael, A.; Lin, D.; Bao, S.; Pan, Y.; Garretson, J.; Turner, D.; Ukhorskiy, A. Y.;
Title=Direct Radiation Belt Injections and Their Auroral Counterparts, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL117469, ID:37273890.
Keywords: space physics data facility, omniweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =We gratefully acknowledge the following data sets: NASA/GSFC’s Space Physics Data Facility’s OMNIWeb service ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov ); GPS and GOES data available from NOAA National
Sample usage ( BODY ) =e gratefully acknowledge the following data sets: NASA/GSFC’s Space Physics Data Facility’s OMNIWeb service ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov ); GPS and GOES data available from NOAA N ing data sets: NASA/GSFC’s Space Physics Data Facility’s OMNIWeb service ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov ); GPS and GOES data available from NOAA National Centers for Environmental I

Authors=Wang, Ziyang; Liu, Ying; Zong, Qiugang; Sun, Yixin; Zou, Hong; Ye, Yuguang; Zhou, Xuzhi;
Title=Extra Zebra Stripes Observed by Macao Science Satellite-1 in the Inner Radiation Belt, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL117501, ID:37273902.
Keywords: omni, omniweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =he AE index were obtained from the NASA/GSFC’s OMNIWeb at https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/omni_min.html .
Sample usage ( BODY ) =The AE index were obtained from the NASA/GSFC’s OMNIWeb at https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/omni_min.html . The AE index were obtained from the NASA/GSFC’s OMNIWeb at https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/omni_min.html .

Authors=Waghule, Bhagyashree; Knipp, Delores J.; Stephens, Grant K.; Malaspina, David M.;
Title=Linking Very Near-Earth Reconnection (VNERX) to Mid-Latitude GICs: Evidence From the 7 September 2017 Storm, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL117714, ID:37562881.
Keywords: cdaweb, omniweb, sscweb, tipsod
Sample usage ( BODY ) =This data was downloaded from CDAWEB by selecting variables within ” THA_L2_ESA .” This parameter was downloaded from CDAWEB by selecting variables within ” THA_L2_FGM .” This data was downloaded from CDAWEB by selecting variables within ” RBSPA_REL04_ECT-MAGEIS-L3 .” This data was downloaded from CDAWEB by selecting variables within ” RBSPA_EFW-L3 .”
Sample usage ( BODY ) =For IPS arrival and magnetopause compression timing, we use OMNIweb Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF), SW density ( n sw ), and velocity ( v sw ), propagated to Earth’s bow shock, along wit The model ingests the SW electric field ( E sw ) and P sw from OMNIweb, and SMR and SML indices and their time derivatives from SuperMAG, and archived spacecraft magnetometer data, to resolv Data Availability Statement OMNIweb solar wind data propagated to bow shock can be found at https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ow_min.html (King Papitashvili, 2005). Statement OMNIweb solar wind data propagated to bow shock can be found at https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ow_min.html (King Papitashvili, 2005).
Sample usage ( BODY ) = satellites generated from NASA Satellite Situation Center 4D-Orbit Viewer ( https://sscweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/tipsod/ ). Noon is at the top. A purple mesh underlays those satellite tracks nomina satellites generated from NASA Satellite Situation Center 4D-Orbit Viewer ( https://sscweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/tipsod/ ). Noon is at the top. A purple mesh underlays those satellite tracks nomina
Sample usage ( BODY ) = satellites generated from NASA Satellite Situation Center 4D-Orbit Viewer ( https://sscweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/tipsod/ ). Noon is at the top. A purple mesh underlays those satellite tracks nomina satellites generated from NASA Satellite Situation Center 4D-Orbit Viewer ( https://sscweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/tipsod/ ). Noon is at the top. A purple mesh underlays those satellite tracks nomina

Authors=Bag, Tikemani; Singh, Vir;
Title=The Mother’s Day Storm of 2024 Triggered the Strongest Nighttime Radiative Emission of the SABER Era, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL118286, ID:37562976.
Keywords: omni, omniweb
Sample usage ( ACK ) =nowledgments The authors thank the TIMED/SABER science team ( https://saber.gats-inc.com/ ), OMNI web ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ), AMPERE/Iridium satellite constellation, Madrigal dat
Sample usage ( BODY ) =ution solar wind, the interplanetary magnetic field along with the SYM-H index data are from OMNI Web ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ). The Kp index is obtained from the GFZ Potsdam ( http ution solar wind, the interplanetary magnetic field along with the SYM-H index data are from OMNI Web ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ). The Kp index is obtained from the GFZ Potsdam ( http The geomagnetic/IMF and Kp index data are obtained respectively from the websites of OMNI Web ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov ,> high resolution OMNIWeb> plot, listing, output files) and GFZ
Sample usage ( ACK ) = thank the TIMED/SABER science team ( https://saber.gats-inc.com/ ), OMNI web ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ), AMPERE/Iridium satellite constellation, Madrigal data base ( http://cedar.op
Sample usage ( BODY ) =terplanetary magnetic field along with the SYM-H index data are from OMNI Web ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ). The Kp index is obtained from the GFZ Potsdam ( https://kp.gfz-potsdam.de/en terplanetary magnetic field along with the SYM-H index data are from OMNI Web ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ). The Kp index is obtained from the GFZ Potsdam ( https://kp.gfz-potsdam.de/en tic/IMF and Kp index data are obtained respectively from the websites of OMNI Web ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov ,> high resolution OMNIWeb> plot, listing, output files) and GFZ Pot

Authors=Patgiri, Dipjyoti; Otsuka, Yuichi; Shreedevi, P. R.; Kakoti, Geetashree; Ranjan, Alok Kumar; Rathi, Rahul; Shinbori, Atsuki; Nishioka, Michi; Perwitasari, Septi;
Title=Unusual Phase Alignment of Nighttime Electrified Medium-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbance After Moderate Geomagnetic Storms and Response to Substorms, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL116392, ID:37563054.
Keywords: cdaweb, omni
Sample usage ( BODY ) =://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ , https://www.spaceweatherlive.com/en/archive/.html , https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ , and https://thermosphere.tudelft.nl/ , respectively.
Sample usage ( BODY ) =rameters, time-shifted to the Earth’s bow shock nose, were obtained from the High-Resolution OMNI data set. The time lag between the subsolar bow shock and ionosphere was further corrected u

Authors=Wang, Wenrui; Huang, Keyi; Zong, Qiugang; Liu, Ying; Li, Li; Ye, Yuguang;
Title=Auroral Asymmetry Associated With the South Atlantic Anomaly, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL118899, ID:37563141.
Keywords: cdaweb, spdf
Sample usage ( BODY ) =Availability Statement The DMSP/SSUSI data and solar wind parameters are archived at NASA’s CDAWeb ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/ ). The SuperMAG Electrojet (SME) indices are provide
Sample usage ( BODY ) =he DMSP/SSUSI data and solar wind parameters are archived at NASA’s CDAWeb ( https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/ ). The SuperMAG Electrojet (SME) indices are provided by SuperMAG collaborat

Authors=Sitnov, M. I.; Stephens, G. K.; Motoba, T.; Tsyganenko, N. A.;
Title=The Substorms of 26 February 2008: A Data-Mining Perspective, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL116865, ID:37563165.
Keywords: cdaweb, space physics data facility, omni, omniweb
Sample usage ( ACK ) =tail, Polar, IMP 8, Cluster, THEMIS, Van Allen Probes, MMS and GOES data obtained via NSSDC CDAWeb online facility, as well as Wind and ACE solar wind/IMF data that went into the production
Sample usage ( ACK ) =/IMF data that went into the production of the OMNI data obtained via NASA/GSFC’s Space Physics Data Facility’s OMNIWeb service. The 3-D visualizations were performed using VisIt, which is su
Sample usage ( ACK ) =e facility, as well as Wind and ACE solar wind/IMF data that went into the production of the OMNI data obtained via NASA/GSFC’s Space Physics Data Facility’s OMNIWeb service.
Sample usage ( ACK ) =into the production of the OMNI data obtained via NASA/GSFC’s Space Physics Data Facility’s OMNIWeb service. The 3-D visualizations were performed using VisIt, which is supported by the Depar

Authors=Kang, Suk-Bin; Fok, Mei-Ching; Glocer, Alex; Ferradas, Cristian; Huba, J. D.; Chen, Li-Jen;
Title=Plasmaspheric-Origin Ions as a Major Source of Plasma Sheet Pressure During Storm Early Main Phase, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL117657, ID:37614036.
Keywords: cdaweb, spdf, space physics data facility
Sample usage ( BODY ) =ddard Space Flight Center Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) Coordinated Data Analysis Web (CDAWeb), https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ . Solar wind and IMF data measured by Wind spacecra ce Physics Data Facility (SPDF) Coordinated Data Analysis Web (CDAWeb), https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ . Solar wind and IMF data measured by Wind spacecraft is also available at NASA/ > . Solar wind and IMF data measured by Wind spacecraft is also available at NASA/GSFC SPDF CDAWeb, https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ . measured by Wind spacecraft is also available at NASA/GSFC SPDF CDAWeb, https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ .
Sample usage ( ACK ) =ent team, the Wind spacecraft mission team, the staff at NASA’s Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF), and the World Data Center (WDC) for making the data used in this study publicly accessible.
Sample usage ( BODY ) =ectron density data is available at Goddard Space Flight Center Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) Coordinated Data Analysis Web (CDAWeb), https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ . Solar wind and IMF sa.gov/ . Solar wind and IMF data measured by Wind spacecraft is also available at NASA/GSFC SPDF CDAWeb, https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ . SYM-H index data is available at https://wdc.kugi.ky
Sample usage ( ACK ) =IS and EFW instrument team, the Wind spacecraft mission team, the staff at NASA’s Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF), and the World Data Center (WDC) for making the data used in this study pu
Sample usage ( BODY ) = making L4 cold electron density data is available at Goddard Space Flight Center Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) Coordinated Data Analysis Web (CDAWeb), https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ .

Authors=Ida, K.; Yoshinuma, M.; Ebihara, Y.; Shiokawa, K.;
Title=Estimate of { mathrm{N}}_{2}(+) Altitude Profile Using Blue Auroral Resonant-Scattering 427.8 nm Emission Observed With HySCAI During Astronomical Twilight, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL118375, ID:37614068.
Keywords: omniweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =are set to 124.6 and 6, respectively, which are available at the NASA data center ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/dx1.html ). The altitude of the resonance scattering by auroral N 2 + ${

Authors=Li, Quan-Han; He, Maosheng; Hao, Yong-Qiang; He, Fei; Zhang, Xiao-Xin;
Title=Periodic Response of Plasmasphere to Solar Wind High-Speed Streams, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL118450, ID:37614074.
Keywords: omniweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =The solar wind speed data are available at https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ . The DMSP F16 electron density data are available at https://cedar.openmadrigal.org/ .

Authors=Wu, Tsung-Yu; Liu, Jann-Yenq; Lin, Chi-Yen; Chao, Chi-Kuang; Kao, Tzu-Hsun; Lee, Po-Han;
Title=The Ionospheric Plasma Density Hole on the 10 May 2024 Mother’s Day Great Magnetic Storm, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL115956, ID:37614107.
Keywords: omniweb Sample usage ( BODY ) =The Kp index is retrieved from NASA MONIWeb ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/dx1.html ).

Authors=Allen, R. C.; Vines, S. K.; Ho, G. C.;
Title=Solving the Mystery of the Electron Radiation Belt at Uranus: Leveraging Knowledge of Earth’s Radiation Belts in a Re-Examination of Voyager 2 Observations, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL119311, ID:38109983.
Keywords: spdf, space physics data facility
Sample usage ( BODY ) =data, and OMNI data set are available via the NASA Space Physics Data Facility at https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/ (specifically, https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/voyager/voyager2/wave_spectr
Sample usage ( BODY ) =rams, Van Allen Probes EMFISIS data, and OMNI data set are available via the NASA Space Physics Data Facility at https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/ (specifically, https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/da

Authors=Qin, Zhijie; Zhu, Hui; Ouyang, Zhihai; Zhao, Yingying; Chen, Huicong; She, Zhenghao;
Title=Statistical Survey of Fast Magnetosonic Waves in the L < 2 Region, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL117994, ID:38110109.
Keywords: cdaweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =We also acknowledge the geomagnetic indices data which are available at https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.html/ .

Authors=He, Jianhui; Yue, Xinan; Le, Huijun; Cao, Jinbin;
Title=Self-Regulating Feedback Between Field Line Curvature Scattering, Ring Current Pressure, and Magnetic Configuration, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL118346, ID:38271073.
Keywords: cdaweb, spdf, space physics data facility
Sample usage ( BODY ) =e at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF), https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ . SYM-H index data is available at https://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/wdc/Sec3.html
Sample usage ( ACK ) =We thank the DSCOVR mission team, the staff at NASA’s Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF), and the World Data Center (WDC) for making the data used in this study publicly accessible.
Sample usage ( BODY ) =MF data is available at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF), https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ . SYM-H index data is available at https://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.a
Sample usage ( ACK ) =We thank the DSCOVR mission team, the staff at NASA’s Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF), and the World Data Center (WDC) for making the data used in this study publicly accessible.
Sample usage ( BODY ) =R solar wind and IMF data is available at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF), https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ .

Authors=Smirnov, Artem; Shprits, Yuri; Luhr, Hermann; Kronberg, Elena A.; Goldstein, Jerry; Miyoshi, Yoshizumi; Prol, Fabricio; Pignalberi, Alessio; Buzulukova, Natalia; Pedatella, Nicholas; Haas, Bernhard; Wang, Dedong; Kasahara, Yoshiya; Tsuchiya, Fuminori; Matsuda, Shoya; Shinbori, Atsuki; Matsuoka, Ayako;
Title=Uranus’ Long-Term Thermospheric Cooling Is Unlikely to Be Primarily Driven by the Solar Wind, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL119362, ID:38350977.
Keywords: space physics data facility, omni, omniweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =Data Availability Statement We acknowledge use of NASA/GSFC’s Space Physics Data Facility’s OMNIWeb service, and OMNI data.
Sample usage ( BODY ) =Observations and Data Analysis of the Solar Wind We use the OMNI-2 in-ecliptic long-term data set, that is, publicly available, which is an intercalibrated set of solar wind measurements mad atement We acknowledge use of NASA/GSFC’s Space Physics Data Facility’s OMNIWeb service, and OMNI data. The OMNI data set provides solar wind parameters at 0.99 au which are publicl se of NASA/GSFC’s Space Physics Data Facility’s OMNIWeb service, and OMNI data. The OMNI data set provides solar wind parameters at 0.99 au which are publicly available at the O data set provides solar wind parameters at 0.99 au which are publicly available at the OMNI database website at: https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ .
Sample usage ( BODY ) =Data Availability Statement We acknowledge use of NASA/GSFC’s Space Physics Data Facility’s OMNIWeb service, and OMNI data. The OMNI data set provides solar wind parameters at 0.99 au which a meters at 0.99 au which are publicly available at the OMNI database website at: https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ .

Authors=She, Zhenghao; Zhu, Hui; Kong, Xiangliang; Chen, Yao; Zhao, Yingying; Chen, Huicong; Qin, Zhijie; Ma, Wenqing;
Title=Solar Energetic Particle Events During May 2024 Geomagnetic Superstorm, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL119559, ID:38350986.
Keywords: cdaweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =The geomagnetic indices, solar wind parameters, and ACE data are available at CDAWeb ( https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov ). Solar energetic particle event list is available at . tic indices, solar wind parameters, and ACE data are available at CDAWeb ( https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov ). Solar energetic particle event list is available at .

Authors=Li, Jingxuan; Shen, Xiao-Chen; Li, Wen; Ma, Qianli;
Title=Global Survey of Whistler Mode Waves in the Earth’s Magnetosheath Using THEMIS Observations, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL120404, ID:38351001.
Keywords: space physics data facility
Sample usage ( BODY ) =Data Availability Statement THEMIS data are publicly available at NASA Space Physics Data Facility via Angelopoulos and Roux ( 2023), Angelopoulos, Bonnell, and Mozer ( 2023), and Angelopoulo ngelopoulos, Charles, and McFadden ( 2023). The OMNIWeb data is available at NASA Space Physics Data Facility via Papitashvili and King ( 2020).

Authors=Shimna, K.; Archana, R. K.; Vineeth, C.; Lu, Gang; Pant, T. K.; Vijayan, M. S. M.;
Title=Rapid Reversal of Hemispheric Asymmetry in the Intensity of EIA Crests During the Geomagnetic Storm of 23 April 2023: A Unique Observation From GOLD, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL117213, ID:38351016.
Keywords: omni, omniweb
Sample usage ( ACK ) =wledge GOLD mission for N max data, INTERMAGNET for magnetic data and IGS for GPS data, Nasa Omni web for geomagnetic indices and solar parameters.
Sample usage ( BODY ) =z, proton density, flow speed, and interplanetary electric field data are obtained from NASA Omni web ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ). The GPS data is obtained from .
Sample usage ( BODY ) =speed, and interplanetary electric field data are obtained from NASA Omni web ( https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ). The GPS data is obtained from .

Authors=Kaweeyanun, Nawapat; Fear, Robert C.; Lanchester, Betty S.; Whiter, Daniel K.; Gingell, Imogen L.; Fazakerley, Andrew N.; Dandouras, Iannis; Mende, Stephen B.; Paxton, Larry J.;
Title=Detection of High-Latitude Magnetic Reconnection Between the Northward Interplanetary Magnetic Field and a Closed Magnetic Field Wedge Linked to a Transpolar Arc, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025GL118830, ID:38351078.
Keywords: cdaweb
Sample usage ( BODY ) =OMNI data are available from NASA Coordinated Data Analysis System ( https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov ) through the cdasws Python package ( https://pypi.org/project/cdasws ).