+Mission: *.1 ++Name: VENERA-8 ++SatZond: Z ++GeoHelBoth: H ++Launch: 72/03/27 --TrajectFile: Y ++ShortDescription: The 8th Russian expedition to Venus ++LongDescription: Russian space zond for Venus exploration. Main axis of the spacecraft is sunward directed with precision of ~10 degrees. ++Instrument: *.1 +++Name: KS-18-4M +++PI: Dr. Nickolay N. Kontor +++ResearchGroup: Heliosphere Physics Laboratory +++Lab: Theoretical and Applied Space Physics Division +++Institution: Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University +++Address: Vorobyovy Gory, Moscow, 119899, Russia +++Fax: +7-095-939-2488 (fax/voice) +++Phone: +7-095-939-5097 +++E-mail: kontor@taspd.npi.msu.su +++ShortDescription: Measuring of proton and electron fluxes during the mission to Venus +++LongDescription: KS-18-4M has been designed as a monitor of charged particles of medium energies travelling in the interplanetary space. There are six sensors: a gas-discharge counter D1 of the STS-5 series, three SSD (Si) detectors D2, D3 and D4 (D2 of ~400 micron thickness; D3 and D4 of 30 microns) and two gas-discharge counters with window D5 and D6 of the SBT-9 series. Spacecraft memory is used for data storing; time resolution is about four hours. +++Publication: +++AcknowledgingTo: TASPD SINP MSU +++DataSet: *.1 ++++ID: V8 ++++StartDate: 72/03/27 ++++StopDate: 72/07/22 ++++TimeResolution: 4 hours ++++ApproxVolume: 35 kB ++++DataSupportContact: Dr. Nickolay N. Pavlov ++++Institution: Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University ++++Address: Vorobyovy Gory, Moscow, 119899, Russia ++++Fax: +7-095-939-2488 (fax/voice) ++++Phone: +7-095-939-5928 ++++E-mail: nnpavlov@taspd.npi.msu.su ++++ShortDescription: Ep=1-5,5-10,0.3-10,>30MeV, Ee>0.05MeV; 4-hour time res.; Sun-antiSun directions ++++LongDescription: Data on protons of Ep>30 MeV energy from Sun (gas-discharge counter), protons of Ep=1-4 MeV energy both from Sun and from antiSun and also from direction perpendicular (Sun-normal) to Sun-spacecraft line (three stand-alone SSD sensors of 35 micron Si) and electrons of Ee>0.05 MeV energy (gas-discharge counter with window) from the Sun-normal direction. Time resolution is 4 hours. ++++Column: *.1 +++++LongLegend: Ep>30MeV from Sun +++++ShortLegend: p>30+ +++++InternalName: D1 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 19.0 +++++MaxValueApprox: 57.8 +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: >30 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: Sun ++++++GeomFactor: 13 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.2 ++++++Name: electron ++++++Energy: >2 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: Sun ++++++GeomFactor: 13 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.3 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: >500 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: omni ++++++GeomFactor: 54 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: >30 MeV protons from Sun + others ++++++LongDescription: Gas-discharge counter (STS-5) with minimum shielding of ~1 g/cm2 Al for particles arriving from the Sun direction so that the thresholds are: Ep=30 MeV and Ee=2 MeV. For other directions the threshold is Ep=500 MeV. All species are measured in mix, although the typically higher presence of >30 MeV protons above others makes the channel mostly recording the data on this species. The counter measures flux intensity continuously. ++++Column: *.2 +++++LongLegend: Ep=1-5MeV from antiSun +++++ShortLegend: p1-5- +++++InternalName: D2 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 0.007 +++++MaxValueApprox: 544.5 +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: 1-4 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: antiSun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.4 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: 1-5 MeV protons from antiSun ++++++LongDescription: ~30 microns of Si sensor for counting protons of Ep=1-5 MeV arriving from antiSun. View angle is +-30 degrees. Angular precision is ~10 degrees. The sensor measures flux intensity continuously. ++++Column: *.3 +++++LongLegend: Ep=5-10MeV from Sun +++++ShortLegend: p5-10+ +++++InternalName: D3 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 0.016 +++++MaxValueApprox: 37.8 +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: 5-10 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: Sun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.4 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: 1-4 MeV protons from Sun ++++++LongDescription: ~400 microns of Si sensor for counting protons of Ep=5-10 MeV arriving from antiSun. View angle is +-30 degrees. Angular precision is ~10 degrees. The sensor measures flux intensity continuously. ++++Column: *.4 +++++LongLegend: Ep=0.3-10MeV from antiSun +++++ShortLegend: p0.3- +++++InternalName: D4 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 0.0 +++++MaxValueApprox: 2000. +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: 0.3-10 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: antiSun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.4 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: 0.3-10 MeV protons from antiSun ++++++LongDescription: ~30 microns of Si sensor for counting protons of Ep=0.3-10 MeV arriving from antiSun. View angle is +-30 degrees. Only current count rate is stored down; relative precision is 10%. ++++Column: *.5 +++++LongLegend: Ee=0.05MeV, Eg>5 keV, Ep>1 MeV from Sun +++++ShortLegend: e>.05+ +++++InternalName: D5 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 0.0 +++++MaxValueApprox: 2000. +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: electron ++++++Energy: >0.05 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: Sun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.2 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.2 ++++++Name: gamma ++++++Energy: >5 keV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: Sun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.2 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.3 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: >1 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: Sun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.2 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.4 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: >30 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: omni ++++++GeomFactor: 7 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.5 ++++++Name: electron ++++++Energy: >2 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: omni ++++++GeomFactor: 7 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: 0.05 MeV electrons and >1 MeV protons and >5 keV gamma from Sun ++++++LongDescription: Gas-discharge counter with window. Its window directed to Sun. Through window it counts electrons of Ee>0.05 MeV and protons of Ep>1 MeV and solar gamma-quanta of Eg>5 keV, all in mix. View angle is +-30 degrees. Through its body the sensor additionally counts protons of Ep>30 MeV and electrons of Ee>2 MeV. Only current count rate is stored down; relative precision is 10%. This sensor is completely noisy on VENERA-8. ++++Column: *.6 +++++LongLegend: Ee=0.05MeV, Eg>5 keV, Ep>1 MeV from antiSun +++++ShortLegend: e>.05- +++++InternalName: D6 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 8.0 +++++MaxValueApprox: 1200. +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: electron ++++++Energy: >0.05 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: antiSun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.2 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.2 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: >1 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: antiSun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.2 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.3 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: >30 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: omni ++++++GeomFactor: 7 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.4 ++++++Name: electron ++++++Energy: >2 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: omni ++++++GeomFactor: 7 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: 0.05 MeV electrons and >1 MeV protons ++++++LongDescription: Gas-discharge counter with window. Its window directed to antiSun. Through window it counts electrons of Ee>0.05 MeV and protons of Ep>1 MeV in mix. View angle is +-30 degrees. Through its body the sensor additionally counts protons of Ep>30 MeV and electrons of Ee>2 MeV. Only current count rate is stored down; relative precision is 10%. ********************************