+Mission: *.1 ++Name: VENERA-4 ++SatZond: Z ++GeoHelBoth: H ++Launch: 67/06/12 --TrajectFile: Y ++ShortDescription: The 4th Russian expedition to Venus ++LongDescription: Russian space zond for Venus exploration. Main axis of the spacecraft is sunward directed with precision of ~10 degrees. ++Instrument: *.1 +++Name: KS-2M +++PI: Dr. German P. Lyubimov +++ResearchGroup: Heliosphere Physics Laboratory +++Lab: Theoretical and Applied Space Physics Division +++Institution: Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University +++Address: Vorobyovy Gory, Moscow, 119899, Russia +++Fax: +7-095-939-2488 (fax/voice) +++Phone: +7-095-939-5097 +++E-mail: lyubimov@taspd.npi.msu.su +++ShortDescription: Measuring of proton and electron fluxes during the mission to Venus +++LongDescription: KS-2M has been designed as a monitor of charged particles of medium energies travelling in the interplanetary space. There are four sensors: a gas-discharge counter D1 of the STS-5 series, two SSD (Si) detectors D2 and D3 of 35 micron thickness and a gas-discharge counter with window D4 of the SBT-9 series. Spacecraft memory is used for data storing; time resolution is about four hours. All sensors measure flux intensity continuously. +++Publication: *.1 ++++PublicationRef: S.N.Vernov, A.E.Chudakov, P.V.Vakulov, E.V.Gorchakov, P.P.Ignatiev, N.N.Kontor, S.N.Kusnetsov, Yu.I.Logachev, G.P.Lyubimov, A.G.Nikolaev, and N.V.Pereslegina "A study of solar and cosmic radiation from the VENERA-4 space probe", Space research IX, Proc. Tokyo, 1969, v. 9, pp. 203-214 +++Publication: *.2 ++++PublicationRef: S.N.Vernov, A.E.Chudakov, P.V.Vakulov, E.V.Gorchakov, P.P.Ignatiev, N.N.Kontor, Yu.I.Logachev, G.P.Lyubimov, A.G.Nikolaev, and N.V.Pereslegina, "Measuring cosmic rays and searching for radiation belts nearby Venus", in: "Physics of Moon and planets", (in Russian), Nauka, 1972, pp. 397-402 +++Publication: *.3 ++++PublicationRef: S.I.Ermakov, N.N.Kontor, G.P.Lyubimov, N.V.Pereslegina, and T.G.Khotilovskaya, "Comparison of solar proton activity in 1967 and 1969 with that in 1978 and 1979 as measured aboard VENERA-4,6,11,12 space probes", 17th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Conf. papers, Paris, France, 1981, v. 3, pp. 81-84 +++AcknowledgingTo: TASPD SINP MSU +++DataSet: *.1 ++++ID: V4 ++++StartDate: 67/06/12 ++++StopDate: 67/10/16 ++++TimeResolution: 4 hours ++++ApproxVolume: 25 kB ++++DataSupportContact: Dr. Nickolay N. Pavlov ++++Institution: Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University ++++Address: Vorobyovy Gory, Moscow, 119899, Russia ++++Fax: +7-095-939-2488 (fax/voice) ++++Phone: +7-095-939-5928 ++++E-mail: nnpavlov@taspd.npi.msu.su ++++ShortDescription: Ep=1-5,>30MeV, Ee>0.05MeV; 4-hour time res.; Sun-antiSun directions ++++LongDescription: Data on protons of Ep>30 MeV energy from Sun (gas-discharge counter), protons of Ep=1-5 MeV energy both from Sun and from anti-Sun (two stand-alone SSD sensors of 35 micron Si) and electrons of Ee>0.05 MeV energy (gas-discharge counter with window) from anti-Sun. Time resolution is 4 hours. All sensors measure flux intensity continuously. ++++Column: *.1 +++++LongLegend: Ep>30MeV from Sun +++++ShortLegend: p>30+ +++++InternalName: D1 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 16.1 +++++MaxValueApprox: 19.2 +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: >30 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: Sun ++++++GeomFactor: 13 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.2 ++++++Name: electron ++++++Energy: >2 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: Sun ++++++GeomFactor: 13 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.3 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: >500 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: omni ++++++GeomFactor: 54 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: >30 MeV protons from Sun + others ++++++LongDescription: Gas-discharge counter (STS-5) with minimum shielding of ~1 g/cm2 Al for particles arriving from the Sun direction so that the thresholds are: Ep=30 MeV and Ee=2 MeV. For other directions the threshold is Ep=500 MeV. All species are measured in mix, although the typically higher presence of >30 MeV protons above others makes the channel mostly recording the data on this species. ++++Column: *.2 +++++LongLegend: Ep=1-5MeV from Sun +++++ShortLegend: p1-5+ +++++InternalName: D2 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 0.005 +++++MaxValueApprox: 625.2 +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: 1-5 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: Sun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.2 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: 1-5 MeV protons from Sun ++++++LongDescription: ~35 microns of Si sensor for counting protons of Ep=1-5 MeV arriving from Sun. View angle is +-45 degrees. Main spacecraft axis is sunward directed with ~10 degree precision. ++++Column: *.3 +++++LongLegend: Ep=1-5MeV from antiSun +++++ShortLegend: p1-5- +++++InternalName: D3 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 0.005 +++++MaxValueApprox: 329.6 +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: 1-5 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: antiSun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.13 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: 1-5 MeV protons from antiSun ++++++LongDescription: ~35 microns of Si sensor for counting protons of Ep=1-5 MeV arriving from antiSun. View angle is +-45 degrees. Main spacecraft axis is sunward directed with ~10 degree precision. ++++Column: *.4 +++++LongLegend: Ee=0.05MeV from antiSun +++++ShortLegend: e>.05- +++++InternalName: D4 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 8.6 +++++MaxValueApprox: 250.6 +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: electron ++++++Energy: >0.05 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: antiSun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.2 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.2 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: >1 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: antiSun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.2 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.3 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: >30 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: omni ++++++GeomFactor: 7 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.4 ++++++Name: electron ++++++Energy: >2 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: omni ++++++GeomFactor: 7 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: 0.05 MeV electrons and >1 MeV protons from antiSun ++++++LongDescription: Gas-discharge counter with window. Its window directed to Sun-opposite direction. Through window it counts electrons of Ee>0.05 MeV and protons of Ep>1 MeV in mix. View angle is +-45 degrees. Through its body it additionally counts protons of Ep>30 MeV and electrons of Ee>2 MeV. ********************************