+Mission: *.1 ++Name: VENERA-16 ++SatZond: Z ++GeoHelBoth: H ++Launch: 83/06/07 --TrajectFile: Y ++ShortDescription: The 16th Russian expedition to Venus ++LongDescription: Russian space zond for Venus exploration. A couple of zonds, VENERA-15 and VENERA-16 have been launched in a 5-day interval. Both spacecraft became the Venus satellites and they carried on radar mapping of the Venus surface for the cartography purposes. Main axis of the spacecraft is sunward directed with precision of ~10 degrees. ++Instrument: *.1 +++Name: KS-18-6V +++PI: Dr. Eugene A. Chuchkov +++ResearchGroup: Heliosphere Physics Laboratory +++Lab: Theoretical and Applied Space Physics Division +++Institution: Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University +++Address: Vorobyovy Gory, Moscow, 119899, Russia +++Fax: +7-095-939-2488 (fax/voice) +++Phone: +7-095-939-5097 +++E-mail: chuchkov@taspd.npi.msu.su +++ShortDescription: Measuring of proton and electron fluxes during the mission to Venus +++LongDescription: KS-18-6V has been designed as a monitor of charged particles of medium energies travelling in the interplanetary space. There are six sensors: two gas-discharge counters D1 and D2 of the SBM-20 series and two SSD (Si) detectors D3 and D5 of 70 micron thickness and two SSD detectors D4 and D6 of 400 micron thickness . Spacecraft memory is used for data storing; time resolution is about four hours. All sensors measure flux intensity continuously. +++Publication: *.1 ++++PublicationRef: E.A.Chuchkov, N.V.Pereslegina, G.P.Lyubimov, V.I.Tulupov, S.I.Ermakov, N.N.Kontor, Yu.A.Rosental, V.B.Kadobnov, T.I.Morozova, N.N.Pavlov, A.I.Rutkovsky, G.A.Rutkovskaya, M.A.Ovsyannikova, "Studies of cosmic rays on the space probes VENERA-15 and VENERA-16", Kosmicheskie issledovaniya, 1988, v. 26, N 5, pp. 753-761 +++AcknowledgingTo: TASPD SINP MSU +++DataSet: *.1 ++++ID: VG ++++StartDate: 83/06/08 ++++StopDate: 85/05/28 ++++TimeResolution: 4 hours ++++ApproxVolume: 0.3 MB ++++DataSupportContact: Dr. Nickolay N. Pavlov ++++Institution: Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University ++++Address: Vorobyovy Gory, Moscow, 119899, Russia ++++Fax: +7-095-939-2488 (fax/voice) ++++Phone: +7-095-939-5928 ++++E-mail: nnpavlov@taspd.npi.msu.su ++++ShortDescription: Ep=1-9,5-9,>30,>60MeV;Ea=7-20; 4-hour time res.; Sun-antiSun directions ++++LongDescription: Data on protons of Ep>30 and >60 MeV energy from Sun (gas-discharge counters, the second with additional shielding), and protons of Ep=1-65,1-10,5-10 MeV energy, and alpha-particles of Ea=7-23 MeV both from Sun and from anti-Sun (two stand-alone SSD sensors of 70 micron Si and two - of 400 micron Si). Time resolution is 4 hours. All sensors measure flux intensity continuously. ++++Column: *.1 +++++LongLegend: Ep>30MeV from Sun +++++ShortLegend: p>30+ +++++InternalName: D1 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 14.5 +++++MaxValueApprox: 2382. +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: >30 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: Sun ++++++GeomFactor: 13 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.2 ++++++Name: electron ++++++Energy: >2 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: Sun ++++++GeomFactor: 13 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.3 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: >500 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: omni ++++++GeomFactor: 54 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: >30 MeV protons from Sun + others ++++++LongDescription: Gas-discharge counter (SBM-20) with minimum shielding of ~1 g/cm2 Al for particles arriving from the Sun direction so that the thresholds are: Ep=30 MeV and Ee=2 MeV. For other directions the threshold is Ep=500 MeV. All species are measured in mix, although the typically higher presence of >30 MeV protons above others makes the channel mostly recording the data on this species. ++++Column: *.2 +++++LongLegend: Ep>60MeV from Sun +++++ShortLegend: p>60+ +++++InternalName: D2 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 13.7 +++++MaxValueApprox: 141.3 +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: >60 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: Sun ++++++GeomFactor: 13 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.2 ++++++Name: electron ++++++Energy: >2.5 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: Sun ++++++GeomFactor: 13 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.3 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: >500 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: omni ++++++GeomFactor: 54 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: >30 MeV protons from Sun + others ++++++LongDescription: The similar to D1 but with additional shield of brass so that its thresholds from the Sun direction are: Ep=60 MeV and Ee=2.5 MeV. For other directions the threshold is Ep=500 MeV. All species are measured in mix, although the typically higher presence of >60 MeV protons above others makes the channel mostly recording the data on this species. ++++Column: *.3 +++++LongLegend: Ep=1.2-65MeV + Ea=3.4-1000MeV from Sun +++++ShortLegend: p1-65+ +++++InternalName: D4.1 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 2.2 +++++MaxValueApprox: 847.2 +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: 1.2-65 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: Sun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.11 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.2 ++++++Name: alpha-particle ++++++Energy: 3.4-1000 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: Sun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.11 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: 1.2-65 MeV protons and 3.4-1000 MeV alphas from Sun direction ++++++LongDescription: The 1st channel of the ~400 micron Si sensor for counting protons of Ep=1.2-65 MeV and alpha-particles of Ea=3.4-1000 MeV arriving from Sun direction. View angle is +-30 degrees. ++++Column: *.4 +++++LongLegend: Ep=1.1-11MeV + Ea=3.4-250MeV from Sun +++++ShortLegend: p1-11+ +++++InternalName: D3.1 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 0.24 +++++MaxValueApprox: 85.5 +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: 1.1-11 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: Sun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.11 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.2 ++++++Name: alpha-particle ++++++Energy: 3.4-250 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: Sun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.11 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: 1.1-11 MeV protons and 3.4-250 MeV alphas from Sun direction ++++++LongDescription: The 1st channel of the ~70 micron Si sensor for counting protons of Ep=1.1-11 MeV and alpha-particles of Ea=3.4-250 MeV arriving from Sun direction. View angle is +-30 degrees. ++++Column: *.5 +++++LongLegend: Ep=5.2-8.1MeV + Ea=6.6-135MeV from Sun +++++ShortLegend: p5-8+ +++++InternalName: D4.2 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 0.08 +++++MaxValueApprox: 13.8 +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: 5.2-8.1 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: Sun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.11 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.2 ++++++Name: alpha-particle ++++++Energy: 6.6-135 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: Sun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.11 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: 5.2-8.1 MeV protons and 6.6-135 MeV alphas from Sun direction ++++++LongDescription: The 2nd channel of the ~400 micron Si sensor for counting protons of Ep=5.2-8.1 MeV and alpha-particles of Ea=6.6-135 MeV arriving from Sun direction. View angle is +-30 degrees. ++++Column: *.6 +++++LongLegend: Ea=6.6-24MeV from Sun +++++ShortLegend: a7-24+ +++++InternalName: D3.2 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 0.01 +++++MaxValueApprox: 0.60 +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: alpha-particle ++++++Energy: 6.6-24 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: Sun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.11 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: 6.6-24 MeV alphas from Sun direction ++++++LongDescription: The 2nd channel of the ~70 micron Si sensor for counting protons of alpha-particles of Ea=6.6-24 MeV arriving from Sun direction. View angle is +-30 degrees. ++++Column: *.7 +++++LongLegend: Ep=1.3-70MeV + Ea=3.5-1000MeV from antiSun +++++ShortLegend: p1-70- +++++InternalName: D6.1 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 3.0 +++++MaxValueApprox: 21280. +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: 1.3-70 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: antiSun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.11 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.2 ++++++Name: alpha-particle ++++++Energy: 3.5-1000 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: antiSun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.11 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: 1.3-70 MeV protons and 3.5-1000 MeV alphas from antiSun direction ++++++LongDescription: The 1st channel of the ~400 micron Si sensor for counting protons of Ep=1.3-70 MeV and alpha-particles of Ea=3.5-1000 MeV arriving from antiSun direction. View angle is +-30 degrees. ++++Column: *.8 +++++LongLegend: Ep=1.3-8.5MeV + Ea=3.5-190MeV from antiSun +++++ShortLegend: p1-9- +++++InternalName: D5.1 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 0.2 +++++MaxValueApprox: 20610. +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: 1.3-8.5 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: antiSun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.11 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.2 ++++++Name: alpha-particle ++++++Energy: 3.5-190 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: antiSun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.11 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: 1.3-8.5 MeV protons and 3.5-190 MeV alphas from antiSun direction ++++++LongDescription: The 1st channel of the ~70 micron Si sensor for counting protons of Ep=1.3-8.5 MeV and alpha-particles of Ea=3.5-190 MeV arriving from antiSun direction. View angle is +-30 degrees. ++++Column: *.9 +++++LongLegend: Ep=5.2-9.6MeV + Ea=6.6-170MeV from antiSun +++++ShortLegend: p5-10- +++++InternalName: D6.2 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 0.16 +++++MaxValueApprox: 4529. +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: 5.2-9.6 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: antiSun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.11 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.2 ++++++Name: alpha-particle ++++++Energy: 6.6-170 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: antiSun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.11 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: 5.2-9.6 MeV protons and 6.6-170 MeV alphas from antiSun direction ++++++LongDescription: The 2nd channel of the ~400 micron Si sensor for counting protons of Ep=5.2-9.6 MeV and alpha-particles of Ea=6.6-170 MeV arriving from antiSun direction. View angle is +-30 degrees. ++++Column: *.10 +++++LongLegend: Ea=6.6-22MeV from antiSun +++++ShortLegend: a7-22- +++++InternalName: D5.2 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 0.02 +++++MaxValueApprox: 520. +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: alpha-particle ++++++Energy: 6.6-22 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: antiSun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.11 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: 6.6-22 MeV alphas from antiSun direction ++++++LongDescription: The 2nd channel of the ~70 micron Si sensor for counting protons of alpha-particles of Ea=6.6-22 MeV arriving from antiSun direction. View angle is +-30 degrees. ********************************