HAWKEYE spacecraft also known as Explorer-52

Data Directory:https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/hawkeye/

This file points to the on-line archived datasets for Hawkeye: launched June, 3, 1974; re-entered April 28, 1978. HAWKEYE was in a highly elliptical polar orbit with a southern perigee of ~1.1 RE and a northern apogee of ~21 RE. The archived data are 1) ion measurements from the LEDPEDA instrument, 2) ELF/VLF electric field and magnetic field plasma wave spectral measurements, and 3) tri-axial flux gate magnetometer measurements.

Subdirectories:

LEPEDEA ion meaurements-the ion moments set was derived as a validation check of the attitude spin index solution described in Hawkeye Spacecraft (2012), JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS, Vol. 39, No. 5, September-October 2002, https://doi.org/10.2514/2.3879. Ion moments, treated as 100% protons, are derived from LEPEDEA ramp measurements, one ramp energy sweep takes 1.44 s, time between ion sweeps is 11.52s, spin period is about 11s, so about 21 sweeps are required for uniform coverage in the spin plane. The FOV is 8 degrees (spin-plane) x 30 degrees (out of spin pane), so the FOV covered over a spin is about pi of 4*pi steradians. The time step between moment computations varies between 70 and 110s and the time interval for a moment computation was typically 21x2 sweeps or 484s.
Note: LEPEDEA is not a solar wind instrument
Note: Contamination by interval photo electrons have not been mitigated. For 80 degrees < sun angle < 120 degree the moments can be heavily contaminated by internal photo electrons, especially if the plasma density is low.
Note: No correction for the external photo-electron sheath has been made, the impact will be small.
Derived from IDL save files derived from the Hawkeye Master Science Files in 2000
One mission file.
https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/hawkeye/lepedea/

Magnetometer measurements-Vector magnetometer measurement with ~2s between samples, daily files.
https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/hawkeye/mag/

ELF/VLF electric field and magnetic field wave plasma spectral measurements -16 log spaced electric field channels from 1.78 Hz to 178 kHz, 8 log-spaced magnetic field channels form 1.78 Hz to 5.62 kHz, overall time between frequency sweeps ~22 s, daily files.
https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/hawkeye/vlf/

Documents:
https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/hawkeye/documents/

Mission averaged x-sqrt(y^2+z^2) GSM plots of LEPEDEA ion moments
https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/hawkeye/documents/Hawkeye_mission_coverage.png
https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/hawkeye/documents/Hawkeye_mission_averaged_ion_density.png
https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/hawkeye/documents/Hawkeye_mission_averaged_ion_thermal_speed.png
https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/hawkeye/documents/Hawkeye_mission_averaged_ion_velocity.png
https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/hawkeye/documents/Hawkeye_mission_averaged_magnetic_field.png

Initial Hawkeye website with various plots
https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/hawkeye/documents/archived_website/


Additional related information and data services:

Hawkeye master science files https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/dataset/display.action?id=SPMS-00423

https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1974-040A
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explorer_52


Keywords: high latitude magnetosphere, high latitude magnetosheath, exterior cusp


Publications:

Kurth, W. S., M. M. Baumback, and D. A. Gurnett, Direction-finding measurements of auroral kilometric radiation, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 2764-2770, 1975.
Baumback, M. M., W. S. Kurth, and D.A. Gurnett, Direction-finding measurements of type III radio bursts out of the ecliptic plane, Solar Physics, 48, 361-380, 1976.
Gurnett, D. A., Plasma wave interactions with energetic ions near the magnetic equator, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 2765-2770, 1976.
Gurnett, D. A., The Earth as a radio source, Magnetospheric Particles and Fields, edited by B. M. McCormic, 197-208, 1976.
Gurnett, D. A., Electrostatic turbulence in the magnetosphere, Physics of the Solar Planetary Environments, Vol. II, edited by D. J. Williams, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 760-771, 1976.
Gurnett, D. A., and L. A. Frank, Continuum radiation associated with low-energy electrons in the outer radiation zone, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 3875- 3885, 1976.
Kintner, P. M., Jr., Observations of velocity shear driven plasma turbulence, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 5114-5122, 1976.
Gurnett, D. A. and L. A. Frank, A region of intense plasma wave turbulence on auroral field lines, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 1031-1050, 1977.
Kintner, P., and N. D'Angelo, A transverse kelvin-helmholtz instability in a magnetized plasma, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 1628-1630, 1977.
Green, J. L., D. A. Gurnett, and S. D. Shawhan, The angular distribution of auroral kilometric radiation, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 1825-1838, 1977.
Voots, G. R., D. A. Gurnett, and S.-I. Akasofu, Auroral kilometric radiation as an indicator of auroral magnetic disturbances, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 2259-2266, 1977.
Kintner, Jr., P. M., and D. A. Gurnett, Observations of ion cyclotron waves within the plasmasphere by Hawkeye-1, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 2314-2318, 1977.
D'Angelo, N., Plasma waves and instabilities in the polar cusp: A Review, Rev. Geophys. and Sp. Phys., 15, 299-307, 1977.
Kintner, P. M., and D. A. Gurnett, Evidence of drift waves at the plasmapause, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 39-44, 1978.
Kintner, P. M.,K. L. Ackerson, D. A. Gurnett, and L. A. Frank, Correlated electric field and low-energy electron measurements in the low-altitude polar cusp, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 163-168, 1978.
Gurnett, D. A., M. M. Baumback, and H. Rosenbauer, Stereoscopic direction finding analysis of type III solar radio burst: Evidence for emission at 2fp, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 616-622, 1978.
Gurnett, D. A., and J. L. Green, On the polarization and origin of auroral kilometric radiation, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 689-696, 1978.
Gurnett, D. A., and L. A. Frank, Plasma waves in the polar cusp: Observations from Hawkeye 1, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 1447-1462, 1978.
Gurnett, D. A., Electromagnetic plasma wave emissions from the auroral field lines, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 30, 257-272, 1978.
Shawhan, S. D., Magnetospheric plasma wave research 1975-1978, Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics, 17, 705-724, 1979.
Saflekos, N. A., T. A. Potemra, P. M. Kintner, Jr., and J. L. Green, Field-aligned currents, convection electric fields, and VLF-ELF waves in the cusp, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 1391-1401, 1979.
Kurth, W. S., D. A. Gurnett, and F. L. Scarf, High-resolution spectrograms of ion acoustic waves in the solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 3413-3419, 1979.
Kurth, W. S., J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, and D. A. Gurnett, Intense electrostatic waves near the upper hybrid resonance frequency, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 4145-4164, 1979.
Green, J. L., D. A. Gurnett and R. A. Hoffman, A correlation between auroral kilometric radiation and inverted-V electron precipitation, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 5216-5222, 1979.
Gallagher, D. L., and D.A. Gurnett, Auroral kilometric radiation: Time averaged source location, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 6501-6509, 1979.
Calvert, W., The auroral plasma cavity, Geophys. Res. Letts., 8, 919-921, 1981.
Green, J. L., Observations pertaining to the generation of auroral kilometric radiation, The Formation of Auroral Arcs, American Geophysical Union, 25, 359-368, 1981.
Green, J. L., N. A. Saflekos, D. A. Gurnett, and T. A. Potemra, A correlation between auroral kilometric radiation and field-aligned currents, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 10463-10467, 1982.
Green, J. L. and D. L. Gallagher, The detailed intensity distribution of the AKR emission cone, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 9641-9649, 1985.
Okuda, H., M. Ashour-Abdalla, M. S. Chance, and W. S> Kurth, Generation of nonthermal continuum radiation in the magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 10457-10462, 1982.
Calvert, W., Hollowness of the observed auroral kilometric radiation pattern, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 1267-1270, 1987.
Farrell, W. M., and J. A. Van Allen, Observations of the Earth's polar cleft at large radial distances with the Hawkeye-1 magnetometer, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 20945-20958, 1990.
Van Allen, J. A., and J. Adnan, Observed currents on the Earth's high-latitude magnetopause, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 6381-6395, 1992.
Berchem, J., J. Raeder, and M. Ashour-Abdalla, Reconnection at the magnetopause boundary: Results from global magnetohydrodynamics simulations, Physics of the Magnetopause, American Geophyiscal Union, 90, 205-213, 1995.
Berchem, J., J. Raeder, and M. Ashour-Abdalla, Magnetic flux ropes at high-latitude magnetopause, Geophys. Res. Letts., 22, 1189-1192, 1995.
Kessel, R. L., S.-H. Chen, J. L. Green, S. F. Fung, S. Boardsen, L. Tan, T. Eastman, J. Craven, and L. A. Frank, Evidence of high-latitude reconnection during northward IMF: Hawkeye observations, Geophys. Res. Letts., 23 , 583-586, 1996.
Zhou, X.-W., and C. T. Russell, The location of the high-latitude polar cusp and the shape of the surrounding magnetopause, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 105-110, 1997.
Chen, S.-H., S. Boardsen, S. F. Fung, J. L. Green, R. L. Kessel, L. Tan, T. Eastman, and J. Craven, The exterior and interior polar cusps: Observations from Hawkeye, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 11335-11347, 1997.
Fung, S. F., T. E. Eastman, S. A. Boardsen, and S-H. Chen, High-altitude cusp positions sampled by the Hawkeye satellite, Journal of Phys. and Chem. of the Earth, Vol. 22, No. 7-8, pp.653-662, 1997.
Tan, L. C., S. F. Fung, J. L. Green, R. L. Kessel, S-H. Chen, and T. E. Eastman, Ion Temperature Anisotropies in the Earth's High Latitude Magnetosheath: Hawkeye Observations,Geophys. Res. Letts., 25, 587-590, 1998.
Green, J. L., and S. A. Boardsen, Confinement of non-thermal continuum radiation to low latitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 10307-10316, 1999.
Eastman, T. E., S. A. Boardsen, S-H. Chen, S. F. Fung, and Kessel, Configuration of high-latitude and high-altitude boundary layers, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 23221-23238, 2000.
Boardsen, S. A., T. E. Eastman, T. Sotirelis, and J. L. Green, An empirical model of the high latitude magnetopause, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 23193-23220, 2000.
Boardsen, S. A. and R. L. Kessel, Spin Index Determination of the Hawkeye Spacecraft, J. of Spacecraft and Rockets. ,Vol. 39, No. 5, September-October 2002.


Data contact: Scott.A.Boardsen@nasa.gov